Andras Rajki's
A. E. D.
Arabic Etymological Dictionary
2002
A
a : is it?
a‘adda : prepare [‘adda]
ab : August [Akk abu, Heb av] Per ab
ab : father [Sem ’-b, Heb av, Akk abu, Syr aba,
BAram ’b, Hrs hhayb, Meh hhayb, Amh abat, Tig ab, Uga ab, Phoen ’b]
aba : refuse [Sem ’-b-y]
abad : eternity [abbada] Ind abad, Per
abad borrowed from Ar
abada : flee [Sem ’-b-d, Akk abatu (destroy) Heb ibbed
(lose), Syr ebd (perish), BAram ’bd, Uga ’bd, Phoen ’bd]
abadi : eternal [abbada] Aze ebedi, Ful
abada, Per abadi, Tur ebedi, Uzb abadiy borrowed from Ar
abaqa : flee [OS abiq]
abbada : make eternal [?]
abbana : praise the dead [?]
abda : show [?]
abhama : be dark [?]
abjad : alphabet [from the first four letters of the
Arabic alphabet (a, b, j, d)] Per abjad borrowed from Ar
abkam : dumb [bakima] Per abkam borrowed
from Ar
ablagha : hand over, announce [balagha]
ablaq : checkered, black-and-white [Ara blq (whote)]
abna : sons [tabanna] Per abna borrowed
from Ar
abnus : ebony [from Gre ebenos from OEg habni from Nubian] Alb abanoz, Bul abanos, Gre ampanozi, Hin abnus, Ind abnus, Per abnus, Rom
abanos, Tur abanoz borrowed from Ar
abril : April [from Lat aprilis]
absala : cook unripe dates [Sem b-sh-l, Akk bashalu
(be cooked, ripe), Heb hivshil (cook), Syr bashel, JNA bshl, Soq behel (be
cooked), Amh besele, Uga bshl]
abssara : see, notice [bassura]
abu : father [ab] Per abu borrowed from Ar
abyasz : white [basza] Tur beyaz, Ind
abiad, Per abyasz, Tur beyaz borrowed from Ar
acchara : put off, delay [Sem ’-ch-r, Mal iehor (other),
l-ahhar (last), Akk acharu (be behind), Heb acher (behind; other), acharon
(last), Syr achrena (other), achraya (last), JNA ’khr (be late), khena (other), kharaya
(last), BAram ’chry (another), Uga ’chr (restrain,
delay), Phoen ’hhr, ’chr (behind)]
ach : brother [Sem ’-ch, Mal hu, Akk achu, Heb ach,
Syr acha, BAram ’ch, Tig hhu, Uga ach, Phoen ’ch] Per ach borrowed from Ar
achadha : take [Sem ’-ch-dh, Akk achazu, Heb achaz, Syr echad, Uga ’chd]
achar : other [acchara] Per achar borrowed
from Ar
achbar : news [chabbara] Ind akhbar, Per
achbar borrowed from Ar
achbara : announce [chabbara]
achfash : day-blind [chunfus]
achir : end; last [acchara] Ind akhir, Per
acher borrowed from Ar
achira : next world [acchara] Ful alahira,
Hau lahira, Ind akhirat, Per acherat, Swa ahera borrowed from Ar
achissai : specialist [chassa]
achlala : disturb [?]
achlaq : morals [chulq] Aze exlaq, Per
achlaq, Tat ekhlak, Tur ahlak borrowed from Ar
achram : perforated-nosed [charama]
achszar : green [chaszira] Per achszar
borrowed from Ar
achttara : notify [chattara]
a‘da : multiply; repeat [‘adda]
adab : good manners, politeness; moral;
respect [aduba] Hau ladabi, Hin adab, Ind adab, Per adab, Swa adabu, Tat edep
borrowed from Ar
adaba : invite to a feast [?]
adabi : literary [aduba] Per adabi, Tur
edebi borrowed from Ar
adabia : literature [aduba] Aze edebiyyat,
Per adabiyat, Tur edebiyat borrowed from Ar
adam : man, human, person [Sem ’-d-m, Heb adam, Tig addam, Uga adm, Phoen ’dm] Aze adam, Ful adama, Hin adam, Ind adam,
Kyr adam, Per adam, Tur adam, Uzb odam borrowed from Ar
adam : skin [OS adam]
a‘dama : destroy [‘adima]
adara : turn [dara]
adat : tool [?] Per adat borrowed from Ar
adchala : lead inside [dachala]
adda : conduct [?]
addaba : educate [aduba]
addhana : call to prayer [adhina]
adha : damage; disturb [adhia] Per adha
borrowed from Ar
adham : black [Akk damu (dark)]
adhan : call to prayer [adhina] Hin azan,
Ind azan, Per adhan, Swa adhana, Tur ezan borrowed from Ar
adhan : trouble [adhia] Swa adha borrowed
from Ar
adhana : call to prayer [adhina] Swa
adhini borrowed from Ar
adhar : March [Akk adaru, Heb adar] Per adhar
borrowed from Ar
adhia : suffer damage [?]
adhia : torment, torture [adhia] Aze
eziyyet, Per adhiyat, Tur eziyet borrowed from Ar
adhina : hear [Sem ’-dh-n, EgAr widan (ear), LiAr dan,
Mal widna, Akk uznu, Heb ozen, Syr edana, Hrs hheydhen, Tig ezen, Uga udn, idn
(permit)]
adib : literate; author [adab] Ind adib,
Per adib, Tur edip borrowed from Ar
adla : utter [?]
admana : be addicted [?]
adraka : catch up with [Sem d-r-k, Heb derekh (road),
darakh (tread), Syr adarek, Amh medrek (stage), Uga drk (tread), Phoen drk (road)]
aduba : be literate [?]
adwara : control, direct [dara]
adzhara : show [dzahara]
afa : misfortune, calamity [?] Hin afat, Per afat,
Swa afa borrowed from Ar
afada : be useful [Sem p-y-d, Uga pwd, pyd (be used)]
af‘an : viper [Sem ’-p-‘, Mal lifgha, Heb
efe‘a, Ara ’p‘, Hrr hhiffiny, Amh effunnyet, Tig af‘ot, Uga ap‘] Per af‘i
borrowed from Ar
afaka : tell a lie [Sem h-p-k, Akk abaku (overturn), Heb hafakh (turn), Syr hefak, Uga hpk, Phoen
hpk]
afala : go down [Akk apalu (be late), Heb afela (dark)]
afandi : sir [from Gre authentes] Per afandi, Tat
efende, Tur efendi borrowed from Ar
afkar : thoughts, ideas, opinions
[fakkara] Per afkar, Tur efkar borrowed from Ar
afsada : spoil [Heb hifssid (lose)]
afssahha : explain [fassuhha]
afszal : better [faszala] Ind afzal, Per
afszal borrowed from Ar
afta : authorize; advise [Sem p-t-w, Hrs afto (decide on a plan),
Gez ftw]
afttara : have breakfast [fattara]
afyun : opium [from Gre opion] Alb afion, Gre afioni,
Ind apyun, Kyr apiyim, Per afyun, Swa afyuni borrowed from Ar
aghara : invade, attack [ghara]
aghatha : help [?]
aghfala : neglect [ghafala]
aghlab : most of [ghalaba] Per aghlab
borrowed from Ar
aghlaqa : conclude [ghalaqa]
aghra : attract [ghara]
aghszaba : tease, make angry [ghasziba]
aghusttus : August [from Lat augustus]
ahala : marry [Heb ohel (tent), Uga ahl (residence)]
ahala : qualify [?]
ahammia : importance, significance [hamma]
Aze ehemiyyet, Hin ahmiyat, Per ahammiyat, Tat ehemiyat, Tur ehemmiyet borrowed
from Ar
ahana : insult [hana]
ahda : exchange gifts [hadia]
ahhabba : love [hhabba]
ahhad : one [wahhada] Per ahhad borrowed
from Ar
Ahhad : Sunday [wahhada] Ful alad, Ind
Ahad borrowed from Ar
ahhkama : make strong, fortify [?]
ahhmaq : foolish [hhamiqa] Per ahhmaq borrowed from Ar
ahhmar : red [hhammara] Ind ahmar, Per
ahhmar borrowed from Ar
ahhnaka : experience sg, go through sg [Sem hh-n-k, Heb chinnekh (educate), Gez hhanaka (perceive)]
ahhsan : better, nicer [hhasan] Per ahhsan
borrowed from Ar
ahhsana : do good [hhasan]
ahhszara : bring; prepare [hhaszara]
ahhtaja : need [Sem hh-g-y, Mal htieja (need)]
ahhwal : conditions, state of affairs,
situation [hhal] Aze ehval, Ind ahwal, Per ahhwal, Tur ahval borrowed from Ar
ahhwar : black-and-white (eyes) [hhara]
ahhyanan : from time to time [hhin]
ahl : able, capable [ahala] Per ahl, Tur
ehil borrowed from Ar
ahl : kinfolk [ahala] Per ahl borrowed
from Ar
ahmala : neglect [?]
ai : that is [ayy]
ail : mountain goat [Sem ’-y-l, Akk alu (ram), ayyalu (deer),
Heb ayal (mountain goat), ail (ram), Uga il, ayl (deer), Phoen ’yl (buck)]
ailul : September [Sem hh-l-l, Akk elulu, Heb elul, Syr eylul] Per eilul, Tur eylul borrowed from Ar
aiman : right [yamana]
aina : who [ayy]
aiqadza : wake up [yaqidza]
aisar : left [yasar] Per eysar borrowed
from Ar
aisara : be rich [Sem ‘-th-r, Heb ‘ashir (rich), Syr
‘athir, JNA atira]
aiszan : also [?] Per eyszan borrowed from Ar
ajaba : answer [jawab]
a‘jaba : please [EgAr a‘gab]
ajal : hour of death, fate; deadline [Ara ’gl (gate)] Hau ajali, Per ajal, Swa ajali, Tur
ecel borrowed from Ar
a‘jam : speaking a non-Arab language
[‘ajam] Per a‘jam borrowed from Ar
ajara : hire, reward [Sem ’-g-r, Akk agaru (hire), Heb
agora (a coin), Syr agra (pay), JNA a’ra (reward, pay), Uga ’gr] Swa ajiri
ajash : hoarse [Heb gass (rough)]
ajdad : ancestors [jadd] Aze ecdad, Per
ajdad, Tur ecdat borrowed from Ar
ajhar : suffering in nyctalopia,
night-blind [jahar]
ajjada : be useful [?]
ajlaf : villain [jilf] Aze eclaf, Per
ajlaf borrowed from Ar
ajlahh : bald [jalihha]
ajli : sake [?] Swa ajili borrowed from Ar
ajnabi : foreigner [janb] Aze ecnebi, Per
ajnabi, Tur ecnebi borrowed from Ar
ajnas : sorts, types [jins] Per ajnas borrowed
from Ar
ajr : reward [ajara] Per ajr borrowed from
Ar
ajra : implement [?]
ajram : bodies [jirm] Per ajram borrowed
from Ar
ajsam : bodies [jasuma] Per ajsam borrowed
from Ar
ajur : brick [Akk agurru, JNA ajurra] Per ajor borrowed from Ar
akala : eat [Sem ’-k-l, Mal kiel, Akk akalu, Heb akhal,
Syr ekal, JNA ’khl, BAram ’kl, Amh ehel (cereal),
Uga ’kl (eat), Phoen ’kl]
akama : hill [OS ekam] Per akame borrowed from Ar
akbar : greatest [kabura] Ind akbar, Per
akbar borrowed from Ar
akid : sure [wakkada] Per akid borrowed
from Ar
akkar : farmer [from Sum engar]
akl : food [akala] Per akl borrowed from
Ar
akmal : complete [kamala] Per akmal
borrowed from Ar
akthar : more [kathara] Per akthar, Tur
ekser borrowed from Ar
aktharia : majority [kathara] Aze ekseriyyet,
Per akthariyat, Tur ekseriyet borrowed from Ar
al : the [Sem ’-l, Mal il, Heb ele (these)] Ind al
borrowed from Ar
al : family [Ara ’l] Per al borrowed from Ar
ala : cease [OS Vl]
ala : tool [?] Ind alat, Per alat, Swa ala, Ser alat,
Tur alet borrowed from Ar
a‘la : higher [‘ala] Aze ela, Per a‘la
borrowed from Ar
a‘la : provide a family [‘ala]
alaka : send [laka]
alam : pain, sorrow [alima] Per alam, Tur
elem borrowed from Ar
a‘lama : inform [‘alama]
alamma : be familiar [?]
al-an : now [al + an] Per al-an borrowed
from Ar
a‘lana : make known [‘alana]
al-barihha : yesterday [al + barihha]
albasa : clothes [labisa] Per albese, Tur elbise borrowed
from Ar
al-bata : certainly, surely, of course [al + bata] Aze elbette, Kyr alvette, Per albate, Taj albatta, Tur elbette
borrowed from Ar
alf : thousand [Sem ’-l-p, Mal elf, Heb elef, Syr
alfa, JNA alpa, BAram ’lp, Amh elf (myriad), Uga alp
(thousand), Phoen ’lp] Hau alif, Ind alf, alaf, Per alf, Swa
elfu borrowed from Ar
alia : tail fat [Sem ’-l-y, JNA ulitha]
alif : the letter a [Sem ’-l-p (ox), Heb alef] Ind
alif, Per alef borrowed from Ar
alif : trusted, tame; friend [alifa] Per
alif borrowed from Ar
alifa : be trusted, accustomed, tame [Sem ’-l-p, Heb
illef (train), Syr alef (teach), yilef (learn), JNA lyp]
alifba : alphabet [alif + ba] Aze elifba,
Per alefba borrowed from Ar
alima : feel pain [Sem ’-l-m, Heb illem (dumb)]
alla : unless [Heb ela (but)]
alladhi : that there [al + dha]
allafa : compile [alifa]
Allah : God [ilah] Hin Allah, Ind Allah,
Per Allah, Swa Allah, Tur Allah borrowed from Ar
almas : diamond [from Gre adamas] Bul elmaz, Ind almas,
Kyr almaz, Per almas, Rus almaz, Swa almasi, Tat almaz, Tur elmas borrowed from
Ar
alqa : throw [laqia]
am : or, either [?]
ama : maid [Sem ’-m, Akk amtu, Heb ama, Syr amtha, Tig
amet, Uga amt, Phoen ’mt]
am‘a : intestines [ma‘a] Per am‘a borrowed
from Ar
a‘ma : blind [‘amia] Per a‘ma borrowed
from Ar
amad : term, period [?]
amadda : supply [madda]
amal : hope [amala] Per amal, Tur emel borrowed from Ar
amala : hope [Sem ’-m-r, Akk amaru (see), namaru (mirror), Heb tamrur (sign), JNA nora (mirror), Amh ammere (show), Tig amere (know), Uga ’mr (see), Phoen ’mr
(contemplate)]
amama : in front [imama]
amami : frontal [imama]
aman : safety, security, peace [amana] Hin
aman, Ind aman, Per aman, Swa amani borrowed from Ar
amana : trust, believe [Sem ’-m-n, Mal emmen, Heb
heemin, Syr hamen, amin (reliable), JNA ’mn (trust), Hrs amon (believe), Amh
ammene, emnat, haymanot (faith), Uga imt (true)] Swa
amini borrowed from Ar
amana : trust, pledge, credit, pawn,
deposit [amana] Ful amana, Gre amanati, Hin amanat, Ind amanah, Per amanat, Rom
amanet, Swa amana, Tur emanet borrowed from Ar
amar : command [amara] Ind amar borrowed
from Ar
amara : issue a command [Sem ’-m-r (speak), Heb amar
(say), Syr emar, JNA
’mr, Hrs amor, Uga ’mr (say),
Phoen ’mr]
amara : signal [amala] Per emarat, Tur
emare borrowed from Ar
amd : time, season [amad] Per amd borrowed
from Ar
amin : true, faithful; reliable, safe;
peaceful [amana] Aze emin, Per amin, Swa amini, Tur emin borrowed from Ar
amina : be sure [amana]
amir : commander, prince [amara] Hin amir,
Ind amir, Per amir, Tur amir borrowed from Ar
amla : dictate [Sem m-l-l, Heb mila (word), Syr malel (speak)]
amlak : assets [malaka] Per amlak, Tur emlak borrowed from
Ar
amlas : smooth [malisa]
amma : but [am] Aze amma, Per amma
borrowed from Ar
amn : safety [amana] Per amn borrowed from
Ar
amna : ejaculate [Sem m-n-y, Hrs emtoni (wish), Amh
temennye, Tig temenna]
amnia : safety [amana] Per amniyat, Tur
emniet borrowed from Ar
amr : command [amara] Aze emr, Ful umro,
Hau umur, Hin amr, Ind amar, Per amr, Swa amri borrowed from Ar
amr : deed, business, affair [Gur geber (goods)] Hau
alamari, Per amr, Swa amara borrowed from Ar
ams : yesterday [Sem ’-m-s, Akk mushu (night), Heb
emesh (last night), Amh messhet (evening), Tig meset] Per ams borrowed from Ar
amsaka : seize [masaka]
amsza : execute, put signature on [masza]
amta‘a : goods [?] Aze emtee, Per amte‘e, Tur emtia
borrowed from Ar
amthal : examples, similar objects [mathala] Ind amsal, Per amsal, Tur emsal borrowed from Ar
amti‘a : goods; baggage [mata‘a] Per
amte‘e borrowed from Ar
amuna : be true [amana]
an : that [Akk enna (now), Heb hinne (here is it)]
Per an borrowed from Ar
an : time, moment [Sem ’-n, Heb toana (occasion)]
Per an borrowed from Ar
ana : I [Sem ’-n, Mal jien, Akk ana, Heb ani, Syr
ena, JNA ana, BAram ana, Ara ’nh, Amh ene, Tig ena, Uga an]
anaba : represent [?]
anaqa : elegance [aniqa]
anbar : store [from Middle Per hambar] Per ambar
borrowed from Ar
andhara : warn [nadhira]
anf : nose [Sem ’-p, Akk appu, Heb af, Ara ’p, Tig anef, Uga ap,
Ebl appu] Per anf borrowed from Ar
anfaqa : consume, spend [nafaqa]
aniq : elegant [aniqa]
aniqa : be elegant [?]
anis : friendly [anisa] Per anis borrowed
from Ar
anisa : be friendly [?]
anisa : young lady [anisa]
anjaza : execute [najaza]
ankara : deny [nakira]
anna : moan [Sem ’-n-n, ’-n-y, Heb anan, Ara ’nn, Uga ’ny (complain)]
anna : how [?]
anqadha : liberate, rescue [naqadha]
anqasz : ruins [naqasza] Tur enkaz borrowed from Ar
anshada : sing [?]
anssar : helpers, disciples [nassara]
anta : you [Sem ’-n-t, Mal inti, Akk atta, Heb ata,
Syr anth, Amh ante, Tig enta, Uga at, Phoen ’t] Ind inta
borrowed from Ar
antahhala : adopt [Sem n-hh-l, Heb nachal (inherit)]
antaja : produce [nataja]
anti : you [anta]
antum : you [anta]
antunna : you [anta]
anuk : lead [from Sum anag]
anuq : vulture [Sem ’-n-q]
anutha : be feminine [Akk isshu (woman), asshatu (wife),
Heb isha, Syr antha, Amh enest (female), Tig essit (woman), Uga atht, Phoen ’sh]
aqall : less [qalla] Hau akalla, Per aqall
borrowed from Ar
aqalla : reduce [qalla]
aqama : stay [qama]
aqarra : confirm [qarra]
aqdam : earlier; older [qadama] Per aqdam
borrowed from Ar
aqdama : be bold; attack [qadama]
aqfala : shut, lock [qafala]
aqla‘a : sail out, start [qala‘a]
aqmar : whitish [qamar]
aqna‘a : persuade [qani‘a]
aqra‘ : bald [qari‘a]
aqraba : relatives [qaruba] Per aqreba,
Tur akraba borrowed from Ar
aqrasza : lend [qarasza]
aqsama : swear an oath [Sem q-s-m, Heb qassam (divine),
Ara qssam, OSAr mqsm (divination), Gez qasama (divine)]
aqssa : far; farther [qassa] Per aqssa
borrowed from Ar
ara : show [ra]
a‘ra : lend [?]
araba : tie up [OS erib]
a‘raba : express; arabize [‘arraba]
A‘rabi : Arab [‘arraba]
arada : want [Sem r-d-y, Mal ried, Heb ratza, JNA rizza (a wish)]
arahha : rest [rahha]
a‘raj : limp [‘arija] Per a‘raj borrowed
from Ar
araszi : grounds, lands [arsz] Aze erazi,
Per araszi borrowed from Ar
arba‘ : four [Sem r-b-‘, Mal erbgha, Akk erbe, Heb
arba‘a, Syr arba‘, JNA arba, Amh arat, Uga arb‘, Phoen ’rb‘] Swa aroba
borrowed from Ar
arba‘in : forty [arba‘] Hau arbain, Per
arba‘in, Swa arobaini borrowed from Ar
arbab : masters [rabba] Per arbab, Tur erbap borrowed from
Ar
arbi‘a : Wednesday [arba‘] Ind arba
borrowed from Ar
arghama : force sy [?]
arhaqa : make suffer [?]
ariba : be skilled [Heb arav (lurk)]
arjawan : purple [Akk argamannu, Heb argaman, JNA arjawan] Per arghawani, Tur erguvani borrowed from Ar
arkan : pillars; staff officers [rakana] Per arkan, Tur erkan borrowed from Ar
armal : widower [armala] Per armal
borrowed from Ar
armala : be widowed [Sem ’-r-m-l, Mal armla (widow), Akk
almattu, Heb almana,
JNA armiltha, Uga almnt, Phoen ’lmt]
arnab : hare [Sem ’-r-n-b, Akk arnabu, Heb arnevet, Syr
arnaba, JNA arnuwa, Hrs
hheyneb] Ind arnab borrowed
from Ar
arracha : fix a date [Sem y-r-ch, Akk warchu (moon), Heb
yareach, tarich (date), JNA yarkha (month), Sab warch, Amh war (month), tarik (history), Tig werehh (moon), Uga yrch, Phoen
yrch]
arsa : lay anchor [rasa]
arsz : earth [EgAr ard, Akk erssetu, Heb eretz, Syr ar‘a, JNA ara, Uga arss, Phoen ’rss] Ful lardi, Hau lardi, Ind arzi, Per arsz, Swa
ardhi, Tur arz borrowed from Ar
aruzz : rice [from Gre oryza]
arz : cedar [Sem ’-r-z, Mal arznu, Heb erez, Syr
arza, JNA arza, Uga arz] Ind araz, Per arz borrowed from Ar
arzaq : provisions [razaqa] Aze erzaq, Per arzaq, Tur erzak
borrowed from Ar
as : myrtle [Akk asu, JNA asa] Per as borrowed from Ar
asa : cure [from Sum azu]
asa : make bad [Heb asson (calamity)]
asad : lion [Sem ’-sh-d, Akk shedu (demon), Heb shed, Syr sheda, JNA
shedha] Ind asad, Per asad
borrowed from Ar
asaf : regret [asifa] Per asaf borrowed
from Ar
as‘afa : help [sa‘afa]
asara : tie up [Sem ’-s-r, Mal jassar (capture), Akk
eseru, Heb assar (arrest), Syr esar, JNA ysr, Amh essere,
Uga ’sr]
asas : base, foundation [asasa] Aze esas,
Hau harshashi, Ind asas, Per asas, Tur esas borrowed from Ar
asasa : lay foundations [Ara ashesh]
asbala : hang [Heb shovel (tab)]
as’cham : black [sacchama]
asfal : low [see safala] Ind asfal, Per
asfal borrowed from Ar
asfara : shine [Sem s-p-r, Heb shafar (be pleasant), Syr
shafir (fine, beautiful),
JNA shpira]
ashada : praise [?]
ash‘ala : ignite [sha‘ala]
ashall : paralyzed [shalla] Hin shal, Per
shal borrowed from Ar
asham : unfortunate [tashama]
ashara : make signs [shara] Swa ashiria
borrowed from Ar
ash‘ara : make known [sha‘ara]
ashfaqa : have mercy [?]
ash’hab : grey [shahab] Per ash’hab
borrowed from Ar
ash’hal : blue-eyed [shuhla] Per ash’hal
borrowed from Ar
as’hham : red [sahham]
ashia : objects, things [shai] Aze esya,
Per ashya, Tur esya borrowed from Ar
ashmal : left [shimal]
ashqar : bay-colored; blond-haired
[shaqira] Per ashqar borrowed from Ar
ashraf : nobles [sharufa] Per ashraf
borrowed from Ar
ashram : hare-lipped [sharama]
ashraqa : ascend [sharaqa]
ashyab : gray-haired [shaba]
asifa : regret [?]
asir : prisoner [asara] Per asir, Tur esir
borrowed from Ar
askana : settle [sakana]
asmar : brown [samara] Per asmar, Tur esmer
borrowed from Ar
asqatta : drop [saqatta]
asrafa : squander [?]
asrar : secrets; hashish [sirr] Per asrar,
Tur esrar borrowed from Ar
assaba : hit [ssaba]
assamm : deaf [ssamma]
assarra : insist [ssarra]
assbu‘ : finger [issba‘] Per assbu‘
borrowed from Ar
assbahha : become [?]
assdara : publish [ssadara]
assfar : yellow [ssuffr] Per assfar
borrowed from Ar
assgha : listen [?]
assil : of noble origin [assula] Per assil
borrowed from Ar
assl : root; origin, source [assula] Ful
asli, Hau asali, Hin asl, Ind asal, Per assl, Swa asili borrowed from Ar
asslahha : repair [ssalahha]
assli : original, genuine [assula] Aze
esil, Hin asli, Per assli borrowed from Ar
assnaf : classes, categories; craftsmen;
guild [ssannafa] Alb esnaf, Bul esnaf, Per assnaf, Ser esnaf, Tur esnaf
borrowed from Ar
assrara : insist [Sem s-r-r, Akk sararu (contest), Heb ssarar (rebel)]
assula : have roots [Heb atzil (noble)]
aswad : black [sauwada] Ind aswad, Per
aswad borrowed from Ar
asza‘a : destroy [sza‘a]
aszhha : sacrifice animal [szahha] Per
aszhha borrowed from Ar
aszraba : give up, avoid; strike [szaraba]
ata : come [Sem ’-t-y, Syr etha, Ara ’th, SAr ’tw,
Tig ata, Uga ’tw, ’ty]
at‘aba : tire out [ta‘iba]
athar : trace [Akk ashru (place), Heb atar (site), Syr
athara (place, region), JNA athra, bathir (after), Uga athr, Phoen ’shr, t’r (place)] Hin asar, Per athar, Swa athari, Tur eser borrowed from Ar
athara : prefer [?]
athath : furniture [atthatha] Per athath
borrowed from Ar
at’hhafa : give a gift [?]
athl : tamarisk [from OEg aser]
athna : time; during [thana] Per athna
borrowed from Ar
atin : coming [ata] Per ati borrowed from
Ar
atlafa : cause damage [talifa]
atqana : make perfect, repair [Heb tiqqen, Syr thaqen]
a‘tta : offer, give [‘attan]
atta‘a : obey [tta‘a]
att‘ama : feed [tta‘ima]
attara : bend [Heb ittar (rim)]
attbaqa : close; cover [Sem tt-b-q, Uga ttbq]
attfa : extinguish [ttafia]
atthara : make influence [athara]
atthatha : furnish [?]
attla‘a : show [ttala‘a]
attlaqa : release [ttallaqa]
attraf : surroundings, periphery [ttaraf]
Aze etraf, Per attraf, Tur etraf borrowed from Ar
attrash : deaf [ttarisha] Per attrush
borrowed from Ar
atun : kiln [from Sum udun]
au : or [Sem ’-w, Mal jew, Heb o, Syr o, Uga u]
auhhasha : abandon, let become wild [?]
aula : these [Heb ele]
aula : first, important [auwal] Per oula,
Swa aula borrowed from Ar
aulad : children; successors [walada] Aze
övlad, Per oulad, Tur evlat borrowed from Ar
aulama : give a banquet [Meh awolem (prepare a meal)]
aulia : leaders; holy men [wali] Hin auliya,
Ind aulia, Per ouliya borrowed from Ar
auma : make a sign [Akk wama‘u (swear)]
auqafa : install, set [waqafa]
auqat : times; mood [waqqata] Hin aukat,
Per ouqat borrowed from Ar
auraq : pages; papers, documents [waraq]
Per ouraq, Tur evrak borrowed from Ar
ausatt : central, mid- [wasatt] Hin ausat,
Per ousatt borrowed from Ar
ausattan : on average [wasatt] Hin ausatan
borrowed from Ar
aussa : recommend, propose [wassa]
aussaf : characteristics [wassafa] Per
oussaf, Tur evsaf borrowed from Ar
auwa : accommodate [OS ay]
auwal : early; earlier; first [Mal ewwel, Ara awla
(beginning)] Aze evvel, Hin avval, Ind awal, Per awwal, Swa awali, Tur evvel
borrowed from Ar
auwali : original, basic [auwal] Per
awwali borrowed from Ar
auzar : burdens [wazara] Hin auzar, Per
ouzar borrowed from Ar
awa : jackal [?]
a‘waj : bent [‘awija] Per a‘waj borrowed
from Ar
awalan : at first [auwal] Per awalan
borrowed from Ar
awan : times, period [an] Per awan
borrowed from Ar
a‘war : one eyed [Sem ‘-w-r, Heb ‘iver (blind), Syr ‘ewira,
Hrs ‘awer (go blind), Amh ewur (blind), Tig ore (be blind)] Per a‘war borrowed
from Ar
a‘waza : be poor; be absent [‘awiza]
aya : token; verse [Sem ’-w-y, Akk ittu, Heb ot, Syr
atha] Ful aya, Per ayat, Swa aya, Tur ayet borrowed from Ar
ayy : which [Sem ’-y, Akk ayyu, Heb eyze, eykh (how),
eyfo (where), Uga ay (which)]
ayyar : May [Sem ’-y-r, Akk ayyaru (flower), aru (frond), Heb iyyar (May)] Per ayyar borrowed from
Ar
a‘zab : unmarried [‘azaba]
azaba : flow [Sem ’-z-b]
azal : eternity [Heb azal (go forth), JNA azal, BAram ’zl] Per azal borrowed
from Ar
azali : eternal [azal] Per azali, Swa
azali, Tur ezeli borrowed from Ar
azara : surround, wrap [Sem ’-z-r, Heb eyzor (zone), JNA izar (shawl), Uga ’zr (gird), mizrt (apron)]
azhara : bloom [zahara]
azma : crisis [?]
azraq : gray; blue [zariqa] Per azraq borrowed from Ar
‘A
‘aba : be defect [?]
‘aba : fill up; mobilize [?]
‘abada : serve, worship [Sem ‘-b-d, Akk abdu (slave), Heb ‘avad (serve), Syr ‘abad, JNA oda (slave), ‘bd (worship),
’wdh (serve), BAram ‘avad
(slave), Uga ‘bd
(work), Phoen ‘bd] Swa abudu
borrowed from Ar
‘abara : cross over [Sem ‘-b-r, Akk eberu, Heb ‘avar,
Syr ‘abar, JNA ’wr, Uga
‘br, Phoen ‘br] Swa abiri
borrowed from Ar
‘abbada : build, pave [‘abada]
‘abbara : explain, interpret [?]
‘abd : slave [‘abada] Ind abdi, Per ‘abd
borrowed from Ar
‘abira : have tears [?]
‘abr : passage; transit [‘abara] Per ‘abr
borrowed from Ar
‘ada : return [Sem ‘-w-d, Mal ghid (holiday), ghada
(custom), Heb ‘od (again), Syr ‘eda (holiday), ‘yada (custom), JNA edha, Uga ‘wd (bring back), Phoen ‘d (still, yet)]
‘ada : run, pass [Sem ‘-d-w, Mal ghadda, ghadu
(enemy), Heb ‘ada (pass), Syr ‘eda, Soq ‘dy, Gez ‘dw]
‘ada : in addition to [?] Per ‘ada borrowed from Ar
‘ada : custom, habit [‘ada] Aze adet, Ful
alada, Hau alada, Hin adet, Kyr adat, Per ‘adat, Tat gadet, Tur adet borrowed
from Ar
‘adad :
number, numeral [‘adda] Hau adadi, Hin adad, Per ‘adad, Swa idadi borrowed from
Ar
‘adala : be even [JNA ‘dla
(straighten)]
‘adam : nothing [‘adima] Per ‘adam
borrowed from Ar
‘adala : justice, court [‘adala] Aze
edalat, Hin adalat, Kyr adilet, Per ‘adalat, Tur adalet borrowed from Ar
‘adas : lentils [Mal ghads, Heb
‘adasa] Per ‘adas borrowed from Ar
‘adawa : enmity [‘ada] Hau adawa, Per
‘adawat, Tur adavet borrowed from Ar
‘adda : count, reckon [Mal ghadda, ghodda (tool), JNA ‘adad (number), Hrs ‘adad
(count), Tig ‘ed (tribe), ‘edde (count)]
‘addhaba : punish [Mal ghaddeb]
‘adha : seek refuge [?]
‘adhab : anguish, pain; punishment,
torment, torture; hell [‘addhaba] Hau azaba, Hin azab, Ind adzab, azab, Kyr
azap, Per ‘adhab, Tat gazap, Tur azap, Uzb azob borrowed from Ar
‘adhala : scold [?]
‘adhara : pardon [Mal ghader]
‘adhb : sweet [‘adhuba] Per ‘adhb borrowed from Ar
‘adhil : scolding [‘adhala] Per ‘adhel
borrowed from Ar
‘adhir : pardoning [‘adhara] Per ‘adher
borrowed from Ar
‘adhuba : be sweet [?]
‘adi : customary, normal [‘ada] Aze adi,
Per ‘adi borrowed from Ar
‘adid :
numerous [‘adda] Per ‘adid borrowed from Ar
‘adil : just, righteous, impartial, fair,
straight [‘adala] Aze adil, Hau adili, Ind adil, Kyr adil, Per ‘adel, Swa
adili, Tat gadel, Tur adil, Uzb adil borrowed from Ar
‘adim : omitted [‘adima] Per ‘adim
borrowed from Ar
‘adima : be lost [JNA ‘dm (destroy)]
‘adlia : justice [‘adala] Aze edliyye, Per
‘adliye borrowed from Ar
‘adu : enemy [‘ada] Per ‘adoww, Swa adui borrowed from
Ar
‘adwa : infection [‘ada]
‘adzim : big [‘adzuma] Ind azim, Per
‘adzim borrowed from Ar
‘adzm : bone [Sem ‘-dz-m, EgAr ‘adm, Mal ghadma, Akk
essemtu, Heb ‘etzem,
Tig assem, Uga ‘dzm, Phoen ‘ssm, Ebl adzmu] Per ‘adzm borrowed from Ar
‘adzuma : be big [Sem ‘-dz-m, Heb ‘atzma (power), Uga ‘dzm, Phoen t‘ssmt]
‘afa : heal [Sem ‘-p-w, Hrs ‘afyet]
‘afa : eliminate; pardon [?]
‘afar : dust [Sem ‘-p-r, Akk eperu, Heb ‘afar, Syr ‘afra, JNA ipra, Hrs ‘afor (cloud), Tig
efer (dust), Uga ‘pr]
‘afasha : heap up [?]
‘affa : refrain from [?]
‘afia : health [‘afa] Aze afiyet, Ful
afiya, Hau lafiya, Per ‘afiya, Swa afya, Tur afiyet borrowed from Ar
‘afif : virginal [‘affa] Per ‘afif
borrowed from Ar
‘afina : rot [?]
‘afsh : baggage, furniture [‘afasha]
‘afss : gallnut [Heb ‘afatz, JNA ‘apssa]
‘afw : pardon, forgiveness [‘afa] Aze efv,
Ful yafu, Per ‘afw, Tat gafu borrowed from Ar
‘ahada : promise [Ara ‘hd (remember)] Swa ahidi borrowed from Ar
‘ahd : contract; union; promise; epoch [‘ahada] Hin ahd, Per ‘ahd, Swa ahadi borrowed from Ar
‘aib : blemish, disgrace, shame, fault,
guilt [‘aba] Aze ayib, eyib, Hau aibi, Hin aib, Kyr ayip, Per ‘eyb, Swa aibu,
Tur ayip borrowed from Ar
‘aila : family [‘ala] Per ‘aele, Taj oila,
Tat gaile, Tur aile borrowed from Ar
‘ain : the letter ‘ [Sem ‘-y-n, Heb
‘ain] Per ‘eyn borrowed from Ar
‘ain : eye [Sem ‘-y-n, Mal ghajn,
Akk inu, Heb ‘ain, Syr ‘aina, JNA ena, Meh ‘ain, Amh ayn, Tig en, Uga ‘n, Phoen ‘n, Ebl
‘aynay] Ind ain, Per ‘eyn
borrowed from Ar
‘ainan : exactly [‘ain] Per ‘eynan
borrowed from Ar
‘air : wild ass [Uga ‘r]
‘aish : life [‘asha] Hin aish, Per ‘eysh
borrowed from Ar
‘ajab : astonishment, wonder; wonderful [‘ajiba] Aze eceb, Hin ajab, Ind ajabu, Per ‘ajab borrowed from Ar
‘ajaib : wonders; wonderful, interesting
[‘ajiba] Aze ecaib, Ind ajaib, Per ‘ajaeb, Taj ajoib, Tur acayip borrowed from
Ar
‘aj : tusk [‘awija] Per ‘aj borrowed from
Ar
‘ajala : wheel [Heb ‘agala (cart), JNA ‘ajala, Phoen ‘glt]
‘ajala : haste [‘ajila] Per ‘ajale, Tur
acele borrowed from Ar
‘ajam : Non-Arabs, Persians [maybe from the
geographical name Elam] Per ‘ajam borrowed from Ar
‘ajami : dumb, clumsy; non-Arab, Persian
[‘ajam] Ful ajami, Gre atzames, Per ‘ajami, Rom ageamiu, Tur acemi borrowed
from Ar
‘ajana : knead [Mal ghagina (dough), JNA ‘jn (knead)]
‘ajaza : be weak [Sem ‘-g-z, Hrs ‘agoz]
‘ajib : astounding, marvelous, wonderful [‘ajiba] Per ‘ajib, Tat gadzhep borrowed from Ar
‘ajiba : amaze [Mal ghaggeb, EgAr ‘agib, JNA ‘jb]
‘ajil : hasty [‘ajila] Per ‘ajil, ‘ajel
borrowed from Ar
‘ajila : be in hurry [Sem ‘-j-l, Mal ghaggel, EgAr ‘agala
(haste)]
‘ajin : dough [‘ajana] Per ‘ajin borrowed
from Ar
‘ajiz : weak, impotent [‘ajaza] Hau ajizi,
Per ‘ajez, Tur aciz borrowed from Ar
‘ajjaja : whirl up (dust) [?]
‘ajwa : dried dates [?]
‘ajz : weakness, slackness [‘ajaza] Per
‘ajz, Swa ajizi borrowed from Ar
‘akafa : strive [?]
‘akasa : reflect [?]
‘akif : diligent [‘akafa] Per ‘akef
borrowed from Ar
‘aks : reflection; photo, picture;
opposite [‘akasa] Aze eks, Hau akasi, Per ‘aks borrowed from Ar
‘ala : be high [Sem ‘-l-y, Mal ghal (upon), Akk eli, Heb ‘al, Syr ‘al, JNA il, Amh lay (up), Uga ‘l, Phoen ‘l]
‘ala : provide a family [?]
‘ala : on [‘ala] Ind ala, Per ‘ala borrowed from Ar
‘alafa : feed [Mal ghalef]
‘alaja : handle, treat [?]
‘alam : world, universe [Sem ‘-l-m, Heb ‘olam, Syr
‘alma, JNA ‘alam, BAram ‘alma, Amh alem, Uga
‘lm, Phoen ‘lm] Aze alem, Ind
alam, Kyr aalam, Per ‘alam, Tat galem, Tur alem, Uzb olam borrowed from Ar
‘alam : mark; flag [‘alama] Per ‘alam, Tur alem borrowed from
Ar
‘alama : know [Sem ‘-l-m, Mal ghallem (teach), ghelm
(flag), Syr ‘alama (pupil), Amh alama (flag)]
‘alama : sign [‘alama] Aze elamet, Ful
alama, Hau alama, Hin alamat, Ind alamat, Per ‘alamat, Swa alama, Tur alamet
borrowed from Ar
‘alana : be known [?]
‘alani : public [‘alana] Per ‘alani
borrowed from Ar
‘alaq : leech [Sem ‘-l-q, Akk ilqu, Heb ‘aluqa, Amh elqet, Tig aleq] Per ‘alaq
borrowed from Ar
‘alaqa : dependence; attachment;
connection [‘aliqa] Aze elaqe, Hin ilaka, Per ‘alaqe borrowed
from Ar
‘ali : supreme, high [‘ala] Aze ali, Per
‘ali, Tur ali, Uzb oliy borrowed from Ar
‘alil : weak, ill [‘alla] Per ‘alil
borrowed from Ar
‘alim : learned; scholar, scientist
[‘alama] Aze alim, Ind alim, Per ‘alem, Tat galim, Tur alim borrowed from Ar
‘alima : know [‘alama]
‘alin :
high [‘ala] Per ‘ali, Tur ali borrowed from Ar
‘aliqa : hang; be added [Sem ‘-l-q, Mal ghallaq, Hrs
‘ayleq]
‘alla : be weak, ill [Mal ghilla (ailment)]
‘alla : maybe [?]
‘allaba : put (conserve) in can [JNA ‘ulba (bushel)]
‘allama : teach [‘alima]
‘allaqa : iron (for clothes) [?]
‘allaqa : add a comment [‘aliqa]
‘am : uncle [Sem ‘-m, Heb ‘am (kinsman), Syr ‘amtha
(aunt), Hrs ‘om (ancestor)] Per ‘am borrowed from Ar
‘am : year [Amh amat] Per ‘am borrowed from Ar
‘ama : swim [Mal gham]
‘ama : blindness [‘amia] Per ‘ama borrowed
from Ar
‘amada : support [Sem ‘-m-d, Heb ‘amad (stand), ‘amud
(column, pillar), Syr ‘amuda, Amh amd, Phoen ‘md]
‘amal :
work, act, affair [‘amila] Hin amal, Ind amal, Kyr amal, Per ‘amal, Swa amali,
Tur amel, Uzb amal borrowed from Ar
‘amali : operative, practical [‘amila] Per
‘amali borrowed from Ar
‘amalia : acts, operations [‘amila] Aze
emeliyyat, Per ‘amaliyat borrowed from Ar
‘amara : dwell, live [Sem ‘-m-r, Mal ghammar, Syr ‘emar,
JNA ’mr (be built),
‘umir (life)]
‘amd : standpoint; intention [‘amada] Per
‘amd borrowed from Ar
‘amdan : intentionally [‘amada] Per ‘amdan
borrowed from Ar
‘amia : be blind [Mal aghma, Tig ama]
‘amid : dean [‘amada] Per ‘amid borrowed
from Ar
‘amil : factor, agent; worker [‘amila] Per
‘amil, Tur amil borrowed from Ar
‘amila : work, act [Sem ‘-m-l, Mal
ghamel, Heb ‘amal (toil), Syr ‘amel]
‘amim : general, public [‘amma] Per ‘amim
borrowed from Ar
‘amiq : deep [‘amuqa] Per ‘amiq borrowed
from Ar
‘amm : general [‘amma] Per ‘amm borrowed
from Ar
‘amma : be general [Akk ammu (people, nation), Heb ‘am, ‘umma, Syr ‘ama, Uga ‘m, Phoen ‘m, ‘mt (community)]
‘amma : cover, comprise [Uga ‘mm (wrap; dim)]
‘amma : mob, crowd; the public [‘amma] Per
‘amme borrowed from Ar
‘ammada : baptize [Mal ghammed, Syr ‘emad]
‘ammama : turban [‘amma] Per ‘ammame
borrowed from Ar
‘ammi : common, vulgar [‘amma] Per ‘ammi
borrowed from Ar
‘amud : pillar [‘amada] Per ‘amud borrowed
from Ar
‘amudi :
vertical [‘amud] Per ‘amudi, Tur amudi borrowed from Ar
‘amuqa : be deep [Sem ‘-m-q, Mal ghammieq, Heb ‘amoq,
Syr ‘amiqa, JNA ‘umqe
(depths), Uga ‘mq (deep), Phoen ‘mq (valley)]
‘amura : bloom [?]
‘an : away from [?]
‘ana : be anxious [?]
‘ana : mean; relate, concern [?]
‘anada : be spiteful; deviate [Ara ‘nd (depart)]
‘anan : clouds [Sem ‘-n-n, Heb ‘anan, Syr ‘anana, JNA inana] Per ‘anan borrowed from Ar
‘an‘ana : oral traditions [?] Aze enene, Per ‘an‘ane
borrowed from Ar
‘anaq : female kid [Akk uniqu]
‘anaqa : embrace [Mal ghannaq]
‘anbar : amber [Sem ‘-n-b-r] Per ‘anbar borrowed from Ar
‘anbar : store [anbar]
‘andalib : nightingale [?] Per ‘andalib borrowed from Ar
‘anif : severe [‘annafa] Per ‘anif
borrowed from Ar
‘annafa : treat severely [?]
‘anqabut : spider [Mal ghanqbuta (cobweb), Heb ‘akkavish, JNA qo’ta] Per ‘ankabut borrowed from Ar
‘anz : goat [from Sum uz]
‘aqa : hinder [maybe from a common Sem root ‘-q
(restrain)]
‘aqab : heel [‘aqaba] Per ‘aqab borrowed from Ar
‘aqaba : follow [Sem ‘-q-b, Mal gharqub (heel), Akk eqbu,
Heb ‘aqev, Syr ‘eqba, JNA aqba, Tig eqeb (leg), Uga ‘qb (hoof)]
‘aqaba : steep path; obstacle [Uga ‘qb (restrain)]
‘aqaba : punish [‘aqaba]
‘aqada : tie a knot [Sem ‘-q-d, Mal ghaqqad (unite,
congeal), Ara ‘qd (bend, bond)]
‘aqafa : bend [Sem ‘-q-p, Heb ‘aqaf (bypass), Ara ‘qp
(encircle), Amh aqqefe (embrace)]
‘aqala : be intelligent [Sem ‘-q-l, Mal ghaqal, JNA ‘aqil (reason)]
‘aqala : tie up, restrain, fetter [maybe from a common Sem root ‘-q
(restrain)]
‘aqama : be sterile [Sem ‘-q-m, Heb ‘iqqem (distort),
Ara ‘qm]
‘aqaqir : drugs [‘aqara] Per ‘aqaqir
borrowed from Ar
‘aqar : sterility [‘aqara] Per ‘aqar borrowed from Ar
‘aqara : be sterile [Sem ‘-q-r, Heb ‘aqar (sterile;
uproot), Syr ‘aqar
(hinder), ‘eqar (uproot), ‘eqara (root), JNA iqra, ‘aqira (barren woman), Phoen ‘kr]
‘aqara : be addicted [Ara ‘qr (drug)]
‘aqassa : plait [Sem ‘-q-s]
‘aqib : offspring; successor [‘aqaba] Per ‘aqib, ‘aqeb borrowed from Ar
‘aqida : dogma, faith [‘aqada] Per ‘aqide,
Tur akide, Ind akidah borrowed from Ar
‘aqil :
intelligent [‘aqala] Ind akil, Per ‘aqel borrowed from Ar
‘aql : reason, mind, intellect,
intelligence [‘aqala] Hin aql, Ind akal, Kyr akyl, Per ‘aql, Swa
akili, Tur akil, Uzb aql borrowed from Ar
‘aqli : mental, intellectual [‘aqala] Aze eqli, Per ‘aqli borrowed from Ar
‘aqqada : complicate [‘aqada]
‘aqrab : scorpion [Sem ‘-q-r-b, Mal ghakreb, Akk aqrabu, Heb ‘aqrav, Syr ‘eqarba, JNA aqirwa, Jib aqreb, Uga ‘qrb] Per ‘aqrab, Tur akrep borrowed from Ar
‘ar : shame [‘urya] Per ‘ar borrowed from
Ar
‘ara : loiter [?]
‘arab : Arab [‘arraba] Ful arabo, Hin
arab, Ind arab, Per ‘arab, Ser arapin, Tat garep, Tur arap borrowed from Ar
‘araba : carriage, wagon [JNA ‘arabana] Kyr arava, Per ‘arabe, Taj aroba, Tat arba, Tur
araba borrowed from Ar
‘arabi :
Arabic [‘arraba] Per ‘arabi, Tur arabi borrowed from Ar
‘arabun : pledge; surety [Sem ‘-r-b, Akk urubanu (guarantor), Heb ‘arav (pledge), Syr ‘erab, rahbona, Uga ‘rbn (guarantor), Phoen ‘rb (pledge)] Per ‘arabun, Swa arabuni borrowed from Ar
‘arafa : learn, recognize [Sem ‘-r-p, Mal gharaf]
‘arafa : make known, inform [‘arafa] Swa
arifu borrowed from Ar
‘araja : descend [ghariqa]
‘araka : be in battle [Heb ‘arakh (arrange), Uga ‘rk]
‘araka : rub [Mal ghorok]
‘arama : heap up [Sem ‘-r-m, Heb ‘aram, Uga ghrmn (a heap)]
‘araq : sap; spirit; vodka [?] Alb raki, Bul rakija,
Gre raki, Hin araq, Kyr arak, Per ‘araq, Rom rachiu, Ser rakija, Tur raki, Uzb
araq borrowed from Ar
‘araq : sweat [‘ariqa] Per ‘araq borrowed
from Ar
‘ar‘ar : tamarisk [Uga ‘r‘r] Per ‘ar‘ar borrowed from Ar
‘arasza : oppose, object to [?]
‘arasza : show, exhibit; extend an offer
[‘arusza]
‘aria : be naked [Sem ‘-r-y, Mal gharwien, gheri
(naked), Akk eru (be naked), Heb ‘arom (naked), JNA ‘irwa (nakedness), Uga ‘rw (be naked)]
‘arif : learned [‘arafa] Aze arif, Ind
arif, Per ‘aref borrowed from Ar
‘ariq : ancient [‘ariqa]
‘arija : be limp [Sem ‘-r-g, JNA ‘rj]
‘ariqa : sweat [Sem ‘-r-q, Mal gharaq]
‘ariqa : grow roots [Sem ‘-r-q, Mal gherq (root), Hrs
‘arq (vein, sinew), Tig ereq (tendon)]
‘aris : bridegroom [‘arrasa]
‘arish : hut [Sem ‘-r-sh]
‘arisha : vineyard [‘arish] Per ‘aresz
borrowed from Ar
‘arisz : appearing [‘arusza] Per ‘aresz
borrowed from Ar
‘arisz : wide [‘arusza] Per ‘arisz
borrowed from Ar
‘arka : battle [‘araka]
‘arqala : bar, hinder [‘aqala]
‘arqub : Achilles tendon [‘urqub] Per
‘arqub borrowed from Ar
‘arraba : arabize [Mal gharbi (Arab), Heb ‘Arav, Amh
Areb]
‘arrafa : make known [‘arafa]
‘arrasa : marry [Sem ‘-r-sh, Mal gharusa
(bride), Akk erishu
(bridegroom), ereshu
(wish), Heb arass (betroth), arussa (fiancee), Phoen ’rsh (wish), Uga ’rsh]
‘arsh : throne [Sem ‘-r-sh, Mal gharix (crib), Akk ershu (bed), Heb ‘eress, ‘arissa (cradle), Syr ‘arsa (throne), Uga ‘rsh (bed)] Ful alarsi, Per ‘arsh borrowed from Ar
‘arssa : court; field, arena [?] Per ‘arsse, Tur arsa
borrowed from Ar
‘arsz : breadth [‘arusza] Per ‘arsz, Tur
arz borrowed from Ar
‘arsz : offer [‘arasza] Per ‘arsz, Tur arz
borrowed from Ar
‘arus : bride [‘arrasa] Per ‘arus borrowed
from Ar
‘arusi : wedding [‘arrasa] Swa arusi, Per
‘arusi borrowed from Ar
‘arusza : be wide, extended [?]
‘asa : guard [Sem ‘-w-s, Mal ghassa, Uga ‘ws (night
patrol)]
‘asal : honey [Mal ghasel] Per ‘asal, Swa asali, Taj
asal borrowed from Ar
‘asha : live [Mal ghex] Swa ishi borrowed from Ar
‘asha : dinner [Mal ghaxija (evening)] Per ‘asha
borrowed from Ar
‘ashar : ten [Sem ‘-sh-r, Mal ghaxar, Akk esher, Heb
‘asara, Syr ‘esra, JNA isra, Amh aser, Uga
‘shr, Phoen ‘shr] Per ‘ashar
borrowed from Ar
‘ashara : be in good company; have pleasure [Sem ‘-sh-r, SAr ‘szr (friend), Hsr ‘esore, Soq ‘szr, Uga ‘shr (serve drinks, invite)]
‘ashia : evening [‘asha]
‘ashiq : lover [‘ashiqa] Aze asiq, Per
‘asheq borrowed from Ar
‘ashiqa : love [Sem ‘-sh-q, Mal ghaxqa (delight), JNA ‘shq (desire, be in love)]
‘ashir : tenth [‘ashara] Per ‘asher
borrowed from Ar
‘ashra : ten [‘ashara] Per ‘ashre borrowed
from Ar
‘askar : troops, army [from Lat exercitium] Ful askar,
Ind askar, Kyr asker, Per ‘askar, Swa askari, Tat gasker, Tur asker, Uzb askar
borrowed from Ar
‘askari : military [‘askar] Per ‘askari,
Tur askeri borrowed from Ar
‘asr : vesper; afternoon [Mal ghasar, Soq ‘aser
(time)] Hau laasar, Ind asar, Per ‘asr, Swa alasiri borrowed from Ar
‘assa : staff [?] Per ‘assa borrowed from Ar
‘assa : disobey [?]
‘assab : nerve [Heb ‘etzev, Tig anssebet (sinew)] Aze
eseb, Ind asabat, Per ‘assab borrowed from Ar
‘assaba : tie, wrap [Sem ‘-ss-b]
‘assaba :
nerves [‘assab] Ind asabat borrowed from Ar
‘assabi :
nervous [‘assab] Per ‘assabi, Tur asabi borrowed from Ar
‘assafa : blow (strong wind) [?]
‘assama : withhold; protect [?]
‘assara : squeeze [Sem ‘-ss-r, Mal ghaser, Akk eseru (exact payment), Heb
‘atzar (stop), Amh asere (tie)]
‘assara : be contemporary [Heb ‘atzeret (festival), JNA ‘assir (afternoon)]
‘assi :
rebel [‘assa] Per ‘assi borrowed from Ar
‘assifa :
storm [‘assafa] Per ‘assefe borrowed from Ar
‘assima :
capital city [‘assama] Per ‘asseme borrowed from Ar
‘assir :
juice [‘assara] Per ‘assir borrowed from Ar
‘assr : age, epoch; afternoon [‘assara]
Aze esr, Per ‘assr, Tat gasir, Tur asir borrowed from Ar
‘assri : contemporary; modern [‘assara]
Per ‘asri borrowed from Ar
‘assza : bite [Sem ‘-d]
‘asza : give replacement [?]
‘asza : members [‘uszw] Per ‘asza, Tur aza
borrowed from Ar
‘aszala : muscle [‘aszila]
‘aszila : be muscular [?]
‘aszula : muscle [‘aszila] Per ‘aszole
borrowed from Ar
‘ataba : threshold [Mal ghatba] Per ‘atabe borrowed from
Ar
‘ataqa : set free [Sem ‘-t-q, Akk etequ]
‘atiq : ancient [‘atuqa] Per ‘atiq
borrowed from Ar
‘atta : give [Mal ghoti (gift)]
‘atta : gift [‘atta] Per ‘atta borrowed
from Ar
‘attab : damage [‘attiba]
‘attafa : incline; feel towards [Sem ‘-tt-p, Heb ‘attaf
(wrap), Amh attefe (fold)]
‘attafa : fold [‘attafa]
‘attala : idleness, unemployment [‘attila]
Per ‘attalat borrowed from Ar
‘attala : make idle, unemployed [‘attila]
‘attar : perfumery; perfumist [‘attara]
Per ‘attar borrowed from Ar
‘attara : perfume [Sem ‘-tt-r, Syr ‘attor (breathing, smoking)]
‘attasa : sneeze [Sem ‘-t-s, Mal ghatas, Heb hit‘attesh,
Amh anettese]
‘attash : thirst [‘attisha] Per ‘attash
borrowed from Ar
‘attf : inclination; feeling [‘attafa] Per
‘attf borrowed from Ar
‘attia : gift [‘atta] Per ‘attiye borrowed
from Ar
‘attiba : damage [Mal ghattab (maim)]
‘attif : good-willing [‘attafa] Per ‘attef
borrowed from Ar
‘attil : idle, unemployed [‘attila] Per
‘attel borrowed from Ar
‘attila : be bare; be idle [Heb ‘irttel (denude)]
‘attir : good-smelling [‘attara] Per
‘atter borrowed from Ar
‘attisha : be thirsty [Mal ghatx (thirst)]
‘attr : perfume [‘attara] Aze etir, Ind
atar, Kyr atyr, Per ‘attr borrowed from Ar
‘attsa : a sneeze [‘attasa] Per ‘attse
borrowed from Ar
‘attshan : thirsty [‘attisha] Per ‘attshan
borrowed from Ar
‘atuda : be prepared [Heb ‘atid (future), Syr ‘athid, ‘athed
(ready)]
‘atuqa : become ancient [Heb ‘atiq (ancient), Akk etequ
(proceed, cross), Syr ‘athiq (ancient), JNA atiqa]
‘aun : help [‘awana] Per ‘oun, Swa auni
borrowed from Ar
‘aura : genitals, pudenda [‘awira] Ful
alaura, Hin aurat, Ind aurat, Per ‘ourat borrowed from Ar
‘auwala : wail [Heb ‘avel (injustice)]
‘auwasza : replace [‘asza]
‘awana : help [Sem ‘-w-n, Mal ghen, JNA
‘yn, Uga ‘nn (helper)]
‘awija : be bent, hump-backed [Sem ‘-w-g, JNA ‘ujja (hunch)]
‘awira : be one-eyed [Sem ‘-w-r, Heb ‘iver (blind), Syr
‘ewira, JNA ‘wr
(squint), Amh ewwer (blind),
Uga ‘wr, Phoen ‘wr]
‘awiza : be poor [maybe from a common Sem root ‘-w (be
deficient)]
‘ayara : measure [Sem ‘-y-r, Syr ‘eyratha (revenge)]
‘ayyar : loiterer; villain [‘ara] Hin
aiyar, Per ‘ayyar borrowed from Ar
‘ayyash : fond of life [‘asha] Hin aiyash,
Per ‘ayyash borrowed from Ar
‘azab : bachelor [‘azaba] Per ‘azab
borrowed from Ar
‘azaba : be distant [Mal ghazeb (bachelor), Akk ezebu
(leave), Heb ‘azav]
‘azafa : play (music) [?]
‘azala : remove [?]
‘azama : decide [Ara ‘zm (nip off)]
‘azaqa : dig [Sem ‘-z-q, Mal ghazaq]
‘azara : scold [?]
‘azia : get comforted [?]
‘azim : setting off [‘azama] Per ‘azem
borrowed from Ar
‘azima : resolve; departure [‘azama] Per
‘azimat, Tur azimet borrowed from Ar
‘azima : talisman [‘azama] Per ‘azimat,
Swa azima borrowed from Ar
‘aziz : dear; strong [‘azza] Aze eziz, Hin
aziz, Per ‘aziz, Swa azizi, Tur aziz, Uzb aziz borrowed from Ar
‘azm : resolve [‘azama] Per ‘azm borrowed
from Ar
‘azza : be strong [Sem ‘-z-z, Mal ghaziz (dear), Akk
ezezu (be fierce), Heb ‘oz (vigor), Syr ‘aziz (dear), Amh azzeze (command), Uga ‘z (force), Phoen ‘z]
B
ba : the letter b [Sem b-y-t, Heb bet] Ind ba, Per
be borrowed from Ar
ba : return [Sem b-w, Akk bau (come), Heb ba, Tig
bea (enter), Uga bw’ (come), Phoen bw’]
ba‘a : sell [Mal biegh]
ba‘aqa : cut [Sem b-‘-q]
ba‘atha : send, delegate [?]
bab : door; chapter [Sem b-b, Mal bieb, Akk babu, Ara
bb] Hau babi, Hin bab, Ind bab, Per bab borrowed from Ar
babgha : popinjay, parrot [from Per]
babunaj : chamomile [from Middle Per babunag]
babur : locomotive [from Ita vapore (steam)]
bacha : rot [Sem b-w-ch]
bachil : miserly [bachila] Ind bakhil, Per
bakhil, Swa bahili borrowed from Ar
bachila : be miserly [?]
ba‘d : after [ba‘uda] Hin bad, Per ba‘d,
Swa baada borrowed from Ar
bada : perish [Sem b-y-d]
bada : begin [OS bada, Hrs bedo]
bada‘a : do the first time [bada]
badaha : appear unexpectedly [?]
badal : change; substitute [badala] Hin
badal, Per badal, Swa badala borrowed from Ar
badala : replace, exchange [Sem b-d-l, Mal bidel, Heb
hevdel (difference), Uga bdlm (reserves)] Hin badalna, Swa badili borrowed from
Ar
badan : body; corpse [Sem b-d-n, Hrs bedan, Amh beden,
Tig beden] Aze beden, Hin badan, Ind badan, Per badan, Taj badan, Tur beden
borrowed from Ar
badawi : Beduin [badia] Ind badui, Per
badawi borrowed from Ar
badda : scatter, distribute [Sem b-d-d]
badda‘a : charge with heresy [?]
badhala : spend [?]
badhara : scatter, sow [Sem b-dh-r, Syr badar]
badhinjan : eggplant, aubergine [from Per badenjan] Bul
patlydzhan, Hun padlizsan, Ser patlidzan, Swa bilingani, Tur patlican, Uzb
baqladjon borrowed from Ar
badhr : seed [badhara]
badi‘ : unique, wonderful [bada‘a]
badia : desert [Sem b-d-w, Heb levad (alone), Uga lbdm,
Amh beda (desolate), bado (empty)]
badiha : improvisation, cleverness
[badaha]
badihi : natural [badaha]
badla : suit, costume [badala]
badr : full moon [?] Ind badar, Per badr borrowed from
Ar
badrum : cellar [from Gre hypodrome] Alb bodrum, Ser
podrum, Tur bodrum borrowed from Ar
ba‘du :
later [ba‘uda]
Badw : Beduins [badia] Ind Badui borrowed
from Ar
badzr : clitoris [Akk bissuru (vulva)]
bafta : calico [from Per] Ind bafta, Swa bafta borrowed
from Ar
bagha : desire [Sem b-gh-y, Akk bu‘‘u (look for), Syr b’a (ask for), BAram b‘h, b‘w, Hrs beayt (wish)]
baghata : come unexpectedly; surprise [Heb ba‘at
(frighten)]
baghi : prostitute [bagha]
baghisza : be hated [?]
baghl : mule [Sem b-gh-l, Mal baghal, Ara bgl, Hrs
be‘elet, Amh beqlo, Tig beqel] Ind baghal, Per baghl borrowed from Ar
baghta : surprise [baghata]
baha : be beautiful [Sem b-h-w (shine), Heb bahu
(hall)]
bahala : curse [Sem b-h-l, Akk balu (supplicate), Heb
nivhal (be frightened), Hrs behelet (word)]
bahaq : leprosy [Sem b-h-q, Ara bhq (bright spot, a skin
disease), Hrs bihoq, Tig behaq (blisters)]
bahar : spice [LiAr bhar (pepper)] Gre mpahariko, Per
bohar, Tur bahar borrowed from Ar
bahara : shine [Sem b-h-r, Akk bararu (flicker), barru
(metal), JNA bhr, Amh berra (be bright), berr (silver), Uga
brr (tin)]
bahha : reveal [Sem b-w-hh]
bahhatha : look for; research; discuss [Akk be’eshu
(stir), Heb bachash]
bahhith : researcher [bahhatha]
bahhr : sea [Sem b-hh-r, Mal bahar, Syr bachra, Amh
baher, Tig behar] Ful bahar, Hin bahr, Ind bahar, Per bahhr, Swa bahari
borrowed from Ar
bahhri : naval, marine [bahhr] Hin bahri,
Ind bahri, Per bahhri, Swa baharia, Tur bahri borrowed from Ar
bahhth : dispute, discussion [bahhatha]
Hin bahs, Ind bahas, Per bahhth, Tur bahis borrowed from Ar
bahima : beast, cattle [Sem b-h-m, Mal bhima, Heb behema, JNA
bihema, Gez behema (be dumb), Tig behame, Uga bhmt (animal)] Ful bahime,
Per bahime borrowed from Ar
bahim : dark [abhama]
bahim : toe [ibham]
bahir : bright [bahara] Per baher borrowed
from Ar
bahit : pale [bahita]
bahita : be pale [?]
bahw : saloon [baha]
bai‘ : seller; sale [ba‘a] Per baye‘ borrowed
from Ar
ba‘id : remote [ba‘uda]
bain : between [bana] Per bein, Swa baina
borrowed from Ar
ba‘ir : camel [Sem b-‘-r, Akk biru (bull),
Syr ba‘ira (camel), Hrs be‘ir] Per ba‘ir borrowed from Ar
bais : miserable [baisa]
baisa : be miserable [?]
baisz : egg [basza]
bait : house [bata] Hau baiti, Ind bait,
Per beit borrowed from Ar
ba‘ith : motive, reason [ba‘atha] Hin
bais, Per ba‘ith borrowed from Ar
baittari : veterinarian [from Late Lat vetarius]
bajjala : honor [?]
baka : weep [Sem b-k-y, Mal beka, Akk baku, Heb bakha,
Syr baka, JNA bkhy, Uga bky]
bakara : get up early [Sem b-k-r, Akk bukru (son), bakru
(first-born; young
camel), Heb boqer (morning),
bekher (young camel), bachur (youngster), boger (bachelor),
JNA bukhra (first-born), Hrs boker (young camel), Amh
bekwer (first-born), Tig bekret (young camel), Uga bkr,
bchr (youngster)]
bakima : be dumb [Tig behame]
bakir : early [bakara]
bakr : young camel [bakara]
bakra : spool [Amh bekera] Bul makara, Ser makara, Tur
makara borrowed from Ar
bakur : coming early [bakara]
bal : sense, mind [Syr bala]
bal : nevertheless [bila]
ba‘l : master [Sem b-‘-l, Akk belu, Heb ba‘al, Syr ba‘la,
Hrs bal (husband), Meh bal, Amh bal, Tig beal, Uga b‘l, Phoen b‘l]
bal‘ : swallowing [bala‘a] Per bal‘ borrowed from Ar
bala : bale [from Ita]
bala : try [?]
bala : trial, calamity, trouble,
misfortune, annoyance [bala] Aze bela, Ful albala, Gre mpelas,
Hau balai, Hin bala, Ind bala, Kyr balaa, Per bala, Rom belea, Swa balaa, Tur
bela, Uzb balo borrowed from Ar
bala : urinate [balla]
bala‘a : swallow [Sem b-l-‘, Mal bala‘, Heb bala‘, JNA bl‘, Hrs bola (eat), Amh bella, Tig bela,
Uga bl‘ (swallow)]
balad : country [Mal belt (town)] Per balad borrowed
from Ar
balagh : communication [balagha] Per
balagh borrowed from Ar
balagha : reach, get to [?]
balagha : eloquence [balagha] Hin
balaghat, Per balaghat borrowed from Ar
balahh : dates [?]
balbal : confusion [balbala]
balbala : confuse [Sem b-l-b-l, Heb bilbel, Syr balebal]
balgham : phlegm [from Gre] Hin balgam, Ind balgham, Per
balgham borrowed from Ar
balia : be worn [Sem b-l-y, Heb billa (wear), Syr beli‘
(be slain), JNA bly (wear out), Uga blw, bly (consume)]
baligh : major, adult [balagha] Hau balaga, Hin balig, Per baligh borrowed from Ar
balin : worn [balia]
balla : moisten [Sem b-l-l, Akk balalu (mix), Heb balal, Ara bll (moisten)]
ballagha : communicate [balagha]
ballur : crystal [billaur]
ballutt : oak [Sem b-l-tt, Mal balluta, Heb ballutt
(acorn), JNA balutta] Ful balluda, Hin balut, Per balutt borrowed from Ar
baltta : axe [from Tur]
bamya : okra [from Tur] Bul bamja, Gre mpamies,
Swa mbamia borrowed from Ar
bana : build [Sem b-n-y, Akk banu, Heb bana, JNA bny,
Uga bnw, bny, Phoen bny] Ind bena borrowed from Ar
bana : be clear, distinct [Sem b-y-n, Mal bejn, Heb
beyn (between), hevin (understand), Syr
banath, bath (between), bayen (distinguish), JNA beni (between), Ara byn
(among), Uga byn (understand), bn (between)]
banafsha : violet [from Per]
banan : fingertips [ibham]
bandar : port, harbor [from Per] Swa bandari borrowed
from Ar
bandura : tomatoes [from Ita pomodoro]
bank : bank [from Eng]
banna : builder [bana]
banttalun : pantaloons [from Ita pantalone]
baqa : cluster, bunch; bundle [?]
baqa : continued existence [baqia] Hin
baka, Ind baka, Per baqa borrowed from Ar
baqala : grow, sprout, bloom [Sem b-q-l, Amh beqqele]
baqara : split [Sem b-q-r]
baqar : ox, cattle [Sem b-q-r, Mal baqra (cow), Heb
baqar (ox), Syr baqra, Hrs beqeret (cow), Uga bqr (ox), Phoen bqr, Ebl baqaru]
Hin bakr, Per baqar borrowed from Ar
baqbuqa : bubble [Sem b-q-b-q, Heb baqbuq (bottle)]
baqdunis : parsley [from Gre makedonos (Macedonian)]
baqia : remain [?]
baqin : remainder [baqia] Hin baki, Per
baqi borrowed from Ar
baql : herbs [baqala]
baqla : bean [baqala] Hin bakla, Per baqla borrowed from
Ar
baqlawa : a dessert [from Tur] Per baqlawa borrowed from
Ar
baqq : bedbug [Akk baqqu (gnat), Syr baqa, JNA baqa,
Hrs beqqet (bug)]
baqqal : grocer [baqala] Alb bakall, Bul
bakalin, Gre mpakales, Hin bakkal, Per baqqal, Rom bacan, Ser bakal, Tur bakal
borrowed from Ar
baqqam : redwood, sappan [?] Hin bakkam, Per baqam
borrowed from Ar
baqs : box-tree [from Gre pyxos]
baqshish : tip [from Per bachshesh] Alb bakshish, Bul
bakshish, Rom bacsis, Swa bakshishi, Tur bahsis borrowed from Ar
bar : bar [from Eng bar]
bara : cut to shape; sharpen [Sem b-r-y, Heb barar,
Phoen br’ (cutter)]
bara : be fallow, uncultivated [Akk aburru (pasture),
Ara bwr (be uncultivated)]
bara : innocence [baria]
bara’a : create [Sem b-r-’, Heb bara, Syr bara, JNA bry (happen), birya (creature)]
barad : hail [barada]
barada : be cold [Sem b-r-d, Mal biered (cold), Heb
barad (hail), JNA barda, Hrs bered (cold), Amh berrad, Tig bered (hail)]
baraka : kneel [Sem b-r-k, Akk burku, Heb berekh (knee),
Syr burka, JNA birka, Hrs bark, Amh temberekkeke (kneel), Tig berek (knee), Uga
brk (kneel)]
baraka : blessing [barraka] Ful barka, Hin
barkat, Ind berkat, Per barakat, Swa baraka, Tur bereket, Ind berkat borrowed
from Ar
barama : turn, screw [?]
bar‘ama : bud, bloom [?]
baraqa : flash [Sem b-r-q, Mal berqa (lightning), Akk
berqu, Heb baraq, Syr barqa, JNA birqa, SAr brq, Amh mebreq, Tig berq, Uga brq]
barass : leper [Sem b-r-ss] Per barass borrowed from Ar
baraya : race, contest [?]
baraza : come forward [?]
bard : cold [barada] Per bard borrowed from
Ar
bardaqush : marjoram [mardaqush]
barghash : mosquito [burghuth]
barhana : prove [?]
bari : creator [bara] Ind bari, Per bari
borrowed from Ar
bari : free from; innocent [baria] Hin
bari, Per bari borrowed from Ar
baria : heal [Heb beriut (health), Ara bry (healthy)]
baria : be clear, free (of sin) [Sem b-r-r, Akk baru
(wild), Heb bar (wild),
Syr ba‘riraya, JNA warya
(outside), Amh berrere (run fast), Tig barr (region), Uga brr (be freed)]
barid : post, messenger [from Late Latin veredus] Ful
barade, Per barid borrowed from Ar
barid : cold [barada] Swa baridi borrowed
from Ar
barihha : leave [LiAr mberihh (yesterday), Heb barach
(flee), Uga brch, Phoen brhh]
barim : string [Heb brorim (cord)]
barima : fidget [Ara brm (be exhausted, consumed)]
bariz : prominent [baraza]
barlaman : parliament [from Fre parlament]
barmil : barrel [Mal barmil, Amh bermil]
barnaitta : hat [Amh barnetta]
barnamaj : program [from Middle Per barnamag]
barnia : clay vessel [?]
barq : lightning [baraqa] Hin bark, Per
barq, Taj barq borrowed from Ar
barqia : telegram [baraqa]
barquq : plum [from Lat praecox]
barr : open country [baria]
barr : righteous, pious [barra]
barra : be good, pious [?]
barrada : cooler [barada]
barraka : bless [Sem b-r-k, Mal bierek, Heb berakh, Syr
burkatha (blessing), JNA birakha, burakhtha, Amh barreke, Uga brk, Phoen brk]
Swa bariki borrowed from Ar
barraq : flashing [baraqa] Hin barrak, Per
barraq borrowed from Ar
barri :
wild [baria]
barrima : cork-screw [barama] Hau barima borrowed from Ar
barud : gunpowder [from Gre pyrides] Alb barut, Bul
barut, Ful barudu, Gre mparouti, Per barut, Ser barut, Swa baruti, Tur barut
borrowed from Ar
baruda : be cold [barada]
barwaz : frame [?]
barzach : isthmus [?] Per barzach borrowed from Ar
basatta : spread out [Sem b-s-tt and f-s-tt, Heb pashatt, Syr
peshatt, JNA pshtt]
basha : be miserable [Akk bashu (be ashamed), Heb bosh]
bashar : humanity [Akk bishru (small child), Heb basar
(meat), JNA pisra (humanity), BAram bisra, Uga bshr, Phoen bshr]
bashara : bring news [Akk busurtu (news), Heb besora, Mal
bxara (news), basra (prediction), Hrs abeser (announce), Amh besrat (news), Tig
bshr (announce), Uga bshrt] Swa bashiri borrowed from Ar
bashara : skin [bashar]
basharia
: humankind [bashar] Per bashariyat, Tur beseriyet borrowed from Ar
bashasha : friendliness [bassha]
bashi‘a : be ugly [?]
basil : bold [basula]
basitt : simple [Heb pashutt]
bassa : ember [OS bac]
bassa : spy [Sem b-ss-y]
bassal : onions [Sem b-s-l, Mal basla, Akk bisru (leek),
Heb batzal (onion), JNA bissla, Hrs bessel]
bassama : press, stamp [from Tur basma]
bassaqa : spew [Sem b-ss-q, Tig bertsheqe]
bassar : sight [bassura]
bassha : look in a friendly way [?]
bassira : insight, prudence [bassura] Ful basira, Hau basira, Per bassirat, Swa busara borrowed from Ar
bassura : look, inspect [Uga tbssr (control)]
basula : be bold [?]
basur : haemorrhoids [?] Ful baksur, Hau basur, Ind
bawasir, Per bawasir, Tur basur borrowed from Ar
ba‘sz : a part of sg; some, various
[ba‘sza] Hin baz borrowed from Ar
basza : lay eggs [Sem b-y-d, EgAr beida (egg), Mal
bajda, abjad (white), Akk pessu (white), Heb betza (egg), Syr beytha, JNA beta,
Amh betsha (yellow)]
ba‘sza : cut to parts [basza‘a]
basza‘a : cut up; carry on trade [Sem b-sz-‘, JNA bz’, Uga bss‘]
bata : spend the night [Sem b-y-t, Akk bitu (house),
Heb bayit, Syr baytha, bath, JNA betha, Meh beyt, Amh bet, Tig bet, Uga bt,
Phoen bt]
bata : cut off [?]
bataka : split [Sem b-t-k, Akk bataqu (cleave)]
batala : separate [Sem b-t-l]
batara : cut off [Sem b-t-r]
ba‘tha : mission [ba‘atha]
bathan : cobra [Sem b-th-n, Akk bashmu, Heb peten
(viper), Syr patna, Uga bthn, Ebl bashanu]
batrul : petrol [from Eng petrol]
batt : duck [battbatta] Per batt,
Swa bata
batta : leather jug [Sem b-tt, Akk battu (vessel), Syr battitha
(jug)]
batta : calf of the leg [?]
battahha : lie prone [Sem b-tt-hh]
battal : void [battala] Per battal, Swa
batili, Tur batil borrowed from Ar
battal : hero [battula]
battala : annul, vacate [Sem b-tt-l, Mal battal, Heb bittel, Syr
bettal, JNA battila (idle)] Ind batal, Swa batili borrowed from Ar
battania : bed-sheet [battuna]
battaria : battery [from Eng]
battattis : potatoes [from Eng]
battbatta : quack [onomatop.; Syr batta (duck)]
battha : spread [?]
batti : slow [battua]
battia : jar, jug [Ara btty]
battich : melon [from OEg bittka]
battini : inner [battn]
battn : belly, inside [battuna]
battrach : botargo [from OEg]
battraq : patriarch [from Gre patriarchos]
battua : be slow [?]
battula : be bold [?]
battuna : line (clothes) [Heb betten (belly)]
batul : virgin [Akk batultu, Heb betula, Uga btlt]
batula : birch [from Latin betula]
ba‘uda : be far [Sem b-‘-d, Mal boghod (distant), Uga b‘d (back)]
baul : urine [bala] Hau bawali, Per boul borrowed from
Ar
bauwab : doorman [bab] Per bawwab, Swa
bawabu borrowed from Ar
bauwaba : gate [bab]
ba‘usz : mosquito [barghash]
bayan : clarification, explanation [bana] Hau bayani, Hin bayan, Per bayan, Tur beyan borrowed from Ar
bayya‘ : seller [ba‘a]
bayyana : clarify, explain [bana]
bazaqa : spew [Sem b-z-q, Tig bozeqe]
bazara : scatter, sow [Sem b-z-r, Syr bazra (seed), Hrs bezar
(peppers)]
bazilla : peas [from Ita piselli] Tur bezelye borrowed
from Ar
bazin : hawk [from Per baz] Hin baz borrowed from Ar
bazz : fabric, linen [buss] Per bazz borrowed from Ar
bazza : plunder [Sem b-z-z, Heb bazaz, Ara bzz]
bazzaqa : cobra; snail [bazaqa]
bazzaz : draper [bazz] Hin bazzaz, Per
bazzaz borrowed from Ar
bi : at [Sem b-, Mal bi-, Heb be-, Syr be-, Sab b,
Amh ba, Uga b, Phoen b]
bid‘a : heresy [badda‘a] Ful bidua, Per
bed‘at borrowed from Ar
bidaya : beginning [bada]
bigha : prostitution [bagha]
bikr : virgin [?] Ful bikra, Ind bikir, Per bekr, Swa
bikira borrowed from Ar
bikr : first-born [bakara]
bila : without [Sem b-l, Mal bla, Akk balu, Heb beli,
Ara bl’, bly, Uga bl, Phoen bl, ’bl (no)] Hin bila, Per bela, Swa bila borrowed
from Ar
bilad : country [balad]
billaur : crystal [from Gre beryllion] Alb bilur, Ind
hablur, ablor, Hin billaur, Per bolur, Swa bilauri, Tur billur borrowed from Ar
bin : son [tabanna] Ind bin, Per ben, Swa
bin borrowed from Ar
bina :
building; foundation [bana] Alb bina, Hin bina, Ind bina, Per bana, Tur bina,
Ind bina borrowed from Ar
binia :
structure [bana] Tur bünye borrowed from Ar
binssir : ring finger [?] Per bensser borrowed from Ar
bint : daughter [tabanna] Ind bint, Per
bent, Swa binti borrowed from Ar
biqala : grocery [baqala]
bir : a well [Sem b-’-r, Mal bir, Akk buru, Heb beer,
Ara b’r, Phoen b’r, JNA bera]
biraz : excrement [tabarraza]
birfir : purple [from Lat purpur]
Birjis : Jupiter [from Per Berjis]
birka : pool [Heb brekha, JNA birke, Uga brkt] Per
berke, Swa birika borrowed from Ar
birkar : compass [from Per parkar] Swa bikari borrowed
from Ar
birr : piousness, goodness [barra]
birsim : clover [from OEg]
bisatt :
spread out; carpet [basatta] Hin bisat, Per bisatt borrowed from Ar
bishara : tidings [Sem b-s-r, Mal bxara, basra
(prediction), Akk bussurtu, Heb besora]
bisz‘ : some [basza‘a] Per ba‘szi, Swa baadhi borrowed
from Ar
bisza‘a : goods [basza‘a]
bittaqa : ticket [from Late Gre pittakion]
bittriq : aristocrat [from Lat patricius]
biyanu : piano [from Eng piano]
bubu : pupil of the eye [Heb bava]
buchar : steam; fever [?] Ful buharu, Hin bukhar, Per
bochar borrowed from Ar
buchl : avarice [bachila]
bu‘d : distance [ba‘uda]
budza : ice cream [from Tur buz]
bughia : wish, desire [bagha]
bughsz : hatred [baghisza]
buhhaira : lake [bahhr]
buhma : back [Uga bmt]
buka : crying [baka]
bukra : early morning; tomorrow [bakara]
bulad : steel [fuladh]
bulbul : nightingale [onomat.] Alb bilbil, Hin bulbul,
Kyr bulbul, Per bolbol, Tur bülbül, Uzb bulbul borrowed from Ar
bulis : police [from Eng police]
bul‘um : throat [Ara bul‘uma] Per bal‘um borrowed from
Ar
bum : owl [JNA buma] Hin bum, Per bum borrowed from
Ar
bunduq : hazelnut; bullet [funduq]
bunduqia
: rifle, gun [funduq] Ful bindiga, Hin banduk, Per bondoq, Swa bunduki borrowed
from Ar
bunia : structure [bana] Per bonye, Tur
bünye borrowed from Ar
bunn : coffee beans [from Ethiopian, cp. Amh bunna
(coffee)] Per bon, Swa buni borrowed from Ar
bunni : coffee-colored, brown [bunn]
buq : trumpet [Sem b-w-q] Per buq borrowed from Ar
bur : fallow (land) [bara]
burd : fabric; cloak; screen [?] Per bord borrowed
from Ar
burdaya : curtain [burd]
burghi : screw [from Tur burgu] Alb burgji borrowed from
Ar
burghul : groats [from Gre pligouri] Alb bullgur, Gre
mplougouri, Per barghul, Tur bulgur borrowed from Ar
burghuth : flea [Sem b-r-gh-th, Mal berghud, Akk per‘ashu, pershau, Heb par‘osh]
burhan : proof [barhana] Per borhan
borrowed from Ar
burj : tower [from Gre pyrgos] Hin burj, Per borj, Taj
burj, Tur burc borrowed from Ar
burkan : volcano [from Lat Vulcanus]
burma : pot [Mal borma]
burnus : cloak [from Gre birrhos] Per bornos, Tur burnus
borrowed from Ar
bursh : mat [?]
bursham : waffle [?]
burttum : trunk [?]
burtuqal : oranges [from Portuguese Portugal]
buruda : cold, freeze [barada]
bur‘um : bud [bar‘ama]
burunjuk : gauze [?]
burzuq : sidewalk [?]
bushra : good news [bishara]
busr : unripe dates [Syr besre, Hrs beser]
buss : fabric [Ara bwtz]
bustan : garden [from Per bostan] Ind bustan, Swa
bustani, Tur bostan borrowed from Ar
butt : slowness [battua]
buttm : terebinth [Akk buttnu, buttumtu, JNA bittma]
buzaq : saliva [bazaqa] Per bozaq borrowed
from Ar
buzz : teat, udder [Uga bz]
CH
cha : the letter ch [Heb chet]
chaba : conceal [Sem ch-b-y, Mal heba, Heb hechbi]
chabala : tangle [Sem ch-b-l, Mal habbel]
chabar : news, information [chabbara] Aze xeber, Bul haber, Ful habaru, Gre hampari, Hau labari, Hin
khabar, Ind khabar, Kyr kavar, Per chabar, Rom habar, Swa habari, Tat kheber,
Tur haber borrowed from Ar
chabara : examine [?]
chabatta : hit, batter [Sem ch-b-tt, Mal habbat, Akk
chabattu (rob), Heb chabatt (beat), Syr chabatt, Uga chbt (rob)]
chabaza : bake [Sem ch-b-z, Mal hobz (bread), JNA khabaza
(baker), Hrs chabz (bread)]
chabbara : inform [Sem ch-b-r, Mal habbar (announce), Akk
ibru, ebru (associate), Heb chaver (friend), Syr chabra, JNA khora, Amh abbere (join up), hebret (alliance), mahber
(society), Uga hhbr
(companion), Phoen hhbr]
chabbaz : baker [chabaza] Per chabbaz
borrowed from Ar
chabir : expert [chabara]
chabith : wicked [chabutha] Aze xebis, Hin
khabis, Ind khabis, Per chabis borrowed from Ar
chabtt : failure; craze [chabatta] Hin
khabt, Per chabtt borrowed from Ar
chabutha : be wicked [?]
chacham : rabbi [Sem hh-k-m, Heb chakham (wise man)] Per
chacham, Tur haham borrowed from Ar
chada‘a : deceive [?]
chadama : serve, be employed [Mal hadem]
chadama : servants [chadama] Per chadame,
Tur hademe borrowed from Ar
chadara : keep secluded [Sem ch-d-r, Heb cheder (room), Uga hhdr, Phoen hhdr]
chadd : cheek [Hrs hhadd-]
chadda : make furrows [Akk chadadu (make incisions)]
chadij : miscarriage [Sem ch-d-g]
chadim : servant [chadama] Hin khadim, Ind
khadam, Per chadem borrowed from Ar
chadira : be numb [Mal hedla (numbness)]
chafa : fear [?]
chafada : lower, let down [?]
chafara : guard [Sem ch-p-r]
chafasza : make sink [Heb chafatz (bend down)]
chaffa : be light (of weight) [Mal hafif (light), Hrs chef]
chaffafa : make light (of weight), relieve
[chaffa]
chafi : secret, hidden [chafia] Per chafi,
Tur hafi borrowed from Ar
chafia : be hidden [?]
chafif : light (of weight) [chaffa] Aze
xefif, Per chafif, Swa hafifu, Tur hafif borrowed from Ar
chafira : be shy [Sem ch-p-r, Heb chafar (be ashamed), Syr
achfar, Amh affere]
chail : horses [Hrs cheyol]
chaima : tent [chayyama] Hin khaima, khema, Ind khemah, Per
cheime, Swa hema borrowed from Ar
chain : traitor [chana] Aze xain, Per
chaen borrowed from Ar
chair : good [chara]
chair : goodness, benefit, profit;
charity; prosperity, happiness [chara] Aze xeyir, Ful hairu, Hau alheri, Hin
khair, Ind khair, Per cheir, Swa heri, Tat kheer borrowed from Ar
chaitt : thread [chatta]
chal : uncle [?]
chala : imagine [Sem ch-y-l]
chala : be empty [JNA khly]
chala : aunt [chal] Aze xala, Hin khala,
Per chale borrowed from Ar
chala : emptiness [chala] Per chala
borrowed from Ar
chala‘a : pull out, take off [?]
chalada : be eternal [Sem ch-l-d]
chalaf : descendant [chalafa] Aze xelef,
Per chalaf borrowed from Ar
chalafa : be contradictory; disobey; rebel [JNA khlf
(deviate)] Swa halifu borrowed from Ar
chalafa : follow [Sem ch-l-p, Akk chalpu (substitute),
Heb hechlif (change), Syr chalef, JNA khlp (substitute), Amh allefe (pass), Tig
hhalfa]
chalal : breach; interval [challa] Hin
khalal, Per chalal borrowed from Ar
chalala : be friends [?]
chalaqa : create [Sem ch-l-q, Mal chalaq, Heb chilleq
(allot), JNA khlq (create)] Swa huluku borrowed from Ar
chalass : freed; liberation, rescue
[chalassa] Aze xilas, Hin khalas, Per chalass borrowed from Ar
chalassa : be pure, true [?]
chalassa : be free, escape [Sem ch-l-ss, JNA khlss, Phoen hhlss]
chalatta : mix [Sem ch-l-tt, Hrs chelot]
chalf : back; behind [chalafa] Per chalf
borrowed from Ar
chali : empty [chala] Hin khali, Ind
khali, Per chali, Tur hali borrowed from Ar
chalid : eternal [chalada]
chalifa : caliph [chalafa] Hin khalifa,
Ind khalifah, Per chalife borrowed from Ar
chalij : gulf [?] Hin khalij, Per chalij borrowed from
Ar
chalil : friend [chalala] Ind khalil, Per
chalil borrowed from Ar
chaliq : creator [chalaqa] Hin khalik, Ind
khalik, Per chaleq borrowed from Ar
chaliqa : nature [chalaqa] Ind khalikah,
Per chaliqe borrowed from Ar
chaliss : pure [chalassa] Aze xalis, Hin
khalis, Ind khalis, Per chaless borrowed from Ar
chall : vinegar [challa] Per chall
borrowed from Ar
challa : be sour [Mal hall (vinegar), Syr chala]
challa : bore through [Sem ch-l-l, Heb chalal (space)]
challafa : leave behind [chalafa]
challaq : creative [chalaqa] Per challaq
borrowed from Ar
chalq : creation; people, population
[chalaqa] Aze xalq, Hin khalk, Kyr kalk, Per chalq, Tat khalik, Tur halk
borrowed from Ar
chalua : be lonely [?]
chalwa : loneliness; retreat [chalua] Hau
halwa, Ind khalwat, Per chalwat borrowed from Ar
cham : rough [from Per]
chamala : be obscure [?]
chamara : ferment [Sem ch-m-r, Akk chimru (spirit), Syr
chamra (wine), JNA
khamra, khmira (yeast), Uga
chmr (wine)]
chamassa : be empty, hungry [?]
chamir : leaven; dough [chamara] Aze
xemir, Hin khamir, Ind kamir, Kyr kamyr, Per chamir, Swa hamira, Tat kamir, Tur
hamur borrowed from Ar
chamiri : leavened [chamara] Hin khamira,
Ind khamiri borrowed from Ar
chamis : fifth [chamsa]
chamis : Thursday [chamsa] Ful alhamisa,
Ind kamis, khamis, Per chamis borrowed from Ar
chamma : sweep [Syr chemam]
chammana : estimate [?]
chamr : spirit, wine [chamara] Ind khamar,
Per chamr borrowed from Ar
chamsa : five [Sem ch-m-sh, Mal hamsa, Akk chamish, Heb
chamesh, Syr chamsha, JNA khamsha, Amh ammest, Uga chmsh, Phoen chmsh]
chamsin : fifty [chamsa] Hau hamsin, Swa
hamsini borrowed from Ar
chamur : dough [chamara] Tur hamur
borrowed from Ar
chan : country inn [from Per] Bul han, Gre hani, Rom
han, Tur han borrowed from Ar
chana : be treacherous [?]
chanaqa : strangle [Sem ch-n-qa, Mal hanaq, Akk chanaqu
(press), Heb chanaq (strangle), Syr chenaq, JNA khnq, Uga chq, Phoen chnq]
chandaq : moat [from Per kandak] Hin khandak borrowed
from Ar
chanith : effeminate [?]
chanjar : dagger [from Per] Alb hanxhar, Aze xencer, Hin
khanjar, Hun handzsar, Ind khanjar, Kyr kanjar, Tur hancer borrowed from Ar
chara : choose [Sem ch-y-r, Mal hatar]
charab : ruined [charaba] Hin kharab, Ind
kharab, Per charab, Tur harap borrowed from Ar
charaba : destroy [Sem ch-r-b, Akk charabu, Heb charav,
Syr cherab] Swa haribu borrowed from Ar
charaba : ruins [charaba] Per charabe, Tat
kherabe, Tur harabe borrowed from Ar
charaj : tax [charaja] Alb harac, Bul
harch, Ful haraji, Gre haratsi, Hau haraji, Hin khiraj, kharch, Hun haracs, Per
charaj, Tur harac borrowed from Ar
charaja : come out, leave [Sem ch-r-g, EgAr charag, Mal
hareg, Heb choreg
(step-son), JNA khurga, Hrs cherog (go out)]
charaja : taxes, tributes [charaja] Ind
kharajat, Per charajat borrowed from Ar
charama : pierce [Sem ch-r-m, JNA khrm, Meh charmit (notch)]
charaqa : tear apart [Sem ch-r-q, Heb charaq (grate)]
charasan : concrete [from Per char-sang]
charatta : carve, lathe [Sem ch-r-tt, Heb charatt, Uga
chrtt (pluck)]
charaza : perforate [Heb charaz (string
together), Syr cheraz]
charbasha : scribble [Mal harbesh]
chardal : mustard [Heb chardal, JNA khardalle] Aze xardal, Per chardal, Tur hardal borrowed
from Ar
charia : empty the bowels, defecate [Sem ch-r-y, Heb
chara (excrement), JNA ikhre, Amh arra (defecate), Tig hhar (excrement), Uga
chr (empty bowels)] Swa hara borrowed from Ar
chariba : be destroyed [charaba]
charif : autumn [Sem ch-r-p, Mal harifa, Akk charaptu,
Heb choref (winter), SAr chrf (year)] Hin kharif, Per charif borrowed from Ar
charifa : talk idly; tell tales [Mal harrief]
charij : being out of; external; foreign
country [charaja] Hin kharij, Per charej borrowed from Ar
charitta : map [from Gre charte] Aze xerite, Hin kharita,
Per charitte, Taj kharita, Tur harita, harta borrowed from Ar
charj : expense, cost [charaja] Aze xerc,
Hin kharj, Per charj, Tur harc borrowed from Ar
charraja : train [Mal harreg]
chartit : rhinoceros [?]
chartush : cartridge [from Fre cartouche]
charuf : wether, castrated ram [Heb charif (sharp)]
charwa : ricinus [?]
chas : lettuce [Akk chasu, JNA khasse]
chasa : be mean [?]
chasafa : sink [Sem ch-s-p, Uga chsp (wilt), Phoen hhsp
(go down)]
chasara : loss [chasira] Hau hasara, Per
chasarat, Swa hasara borrowed from Ar
chashab : wood [?]
chashia : fear [?]
chashia : fear [chasia] Per chasiyat
borrowed from Ar
chashin : rough [chashuna] Per chashen
borrowed from Ar
chashuna : be rough [?]
chasira : lose [Sem ch-s-r, Heb chassar (lack) Syr chesar
(lose), JNA khsr, Uga chsr, Phoen mchsr (a need)]
chasis : mean, base [chasa] Hin khasis,
Per chasis borrowed from Ar
chass : special; especially [chassa] Aze
xas, Hin khas, Ind khas, Per chass, Swa hasa borrowed from Ar
chassa : castrate [Sem ch-ss-y, Mal haswa (testicle),
JNA khssy (castrate)]
chassa : excel [?]
chassaba : be fruitful [?]
chassama : quarrel [?]
chassama : subtract [?]
chassi : eunuch [chassa] Per chassi
borrowed from Ar
chassia : specialty, character [chassa]
Aze xasiyyet, Ind khasiat, Per chassiyat borrowed from Ar
chassla : character [?] Per chassla borrowed from Ar
chassm : opponent [chassama] Per chassm borrowed
from Ar
chassr : hip, waist [ichtassara]
chasza‘a : be dependent [?]
chaszaba : paint [?]
chaszir : green [chaszira] Per chaszra
borrowed from Ar
chaszira : be green [LiAr achdar (green), Heb chatzir
(greenery)]
chatam : concluded [chatama] Ind khatam
borrowed from Ar
chatam : ring [chatama]
chatama : seal [Sem ch-t-m, Mal hatem (ring), Heb chatam
(seal), Syr chetham,
JNA khitma, Hrs chotem
(ring), Amh ateme (print), mahtem (stamp), Phoen chtm]
chatan : son-in-law [Sem ch-t-n, Akk chatanu, Heb chatan, JNA khitna, Uga chtn]
chatan : circumcision [chatana] Ind
khatan, Per chatan borrowed from Ar
chatana : circumcise [?]
chatim : seal [chatama] Hau hatimi, Per
chatem borrowed from Ar
chatm : end [chatama] Hin khatm, Ind
hatam, Per chatm, Swa hatima borrowed from Ar
chatt : line [chatta] Aze xett, Hin khat,
Ind khat, Per chatt, Tur hat borrowed from Ar
chatta : sew [Sem ch-w-tt, Heb chutt (thread), JNA khytt
(sew), Hrs cheyot, qaid (rope), Soq qaid (rope)]
chatta : draw (a line), write [Heb chatta (dig, scratch),
Syr chatteyttutha
(line), Ara chatt (dig,
scratch), chattett]
chatta : step [?]
chatta : mistake, error [chattia] Aze
xeta, Hin khata, Per chatta, Swa hatia, Tur hata borrowed from Ar
chattaba : hold a speech [Ara chatteb (praise)]
chattar : importance; danger [chattura]
Hau hadari, Hin khatra, Per chattar, Swa hatari borrowed from Ar
chattara : swing; realise [chittr]
chattatta : plan [?]
chatti : mistaken; guilty [chattia] Per
chatti borrowed from Ar
chattia : commit error, sin [Sem ch-tt-y, Mal htija
(sin), Akk hhattu, Heb chatta, Syr chettha, JNA khatta, Amh hattiat, khittitha, Uga chtt’
(do wrong)]
chattib : speaker; preacher [chattaba] Per
chatteb, chattib borrowed from Ar
chattir : mood; idea; memory; favor,
consideration [chattara] Gre hatiri, Hin khatir, Per chatter, Rom hatir, Tat
kheter, Tur hatir borrowed from Ar
chattir : dangerous; important [chattura]
Per chattir borrowed from Ar
chattira : memory; idea; favor,
consideration [chattara] Aze xatire, Per chattere, Tat khatire, Tur hatira
borrowed from Ar
chattwa : a step [chatta] Per chattwe
borrowed from Ar
chattura : be important [?]
chatun : lady, wife [from Old Iranian] Aze qadin, Per
chatun, Tat khatin, Tur kadin borrowed from Ar
chauch : peach [Sem ch-w-ch, Mal hawha, Akk chacchu (plum),
JNA khokha (peach)]
chaucha : mouth [SAr ch-h, Jib choh, Gez chochet]
chauf : fear [chafa] Hin khauf, Per chouf,
Swa hofu borrowed from Ar
chaur : gulf [Sem ch-w-r, Akk churru (hole), Heb chor,
Uga chr]
chawa : be empty [Sem ch-w-y, Hrs chah (mouth)]
chayyama : pitch a tent [Sem ch-y-m, JNA khema (tent), Hrs chimet,
Gez chaymat, Tig hhaymet (hut), Uga chmt (tent)]
chayyatt : tailor [chatta] Per chayyatt
borrowed from Ar
chazaf : pottery, china [Sem ch-z-p, Akk chassbu
(pottery), Heb chatzaf (shard), Syr chetzfa (jar)]
chazama : perforate; string up [Sem ch-z-m, Heb chazam
(cut off), Syr chezam]
chazana : heap up, store [Sem ch-s-n, Ara chesan (be
strong)]
chazia : be shameful [?]
chazina : treasury [chazana] Aze xezine,
Hin khazana, Per chazine, Swa hazina, Tat khezine, Tur hazine borrowed from Ar
chazna : cash-box [chazana] Tat kazna, Tur
hazne borrowed from Ar
chazzaf : potter [chazaf] Per chazzaf
borrowed from Ar
chial : thought; phantasy; opinion [chala]
Aze xeyal, Hin khayal, Ind khayal, Per chiyal borrowed from Ar
chiana : crime; betrayal [chana] Aze
xeyanet, Hin khayanat, Ind khiyanat, Per chiyanat, Tat khiyanet borrowed from
Ar
chiar : choice, option [chara] Ind khiar,
Per chiyar, Swa hiari borrowed from Ar
chiar : cucumber [from Per chiyar] Aze xiyar, Tat
kiyar, Tur hiyar borrowed from Ar
chibra : skills [chabara] Per chebre
borrowed from Ar
chida‘ : deceit [chada‘a] Per chod‘e, Swa
hadaa borrowed from Ar
chidma : service, task, work; ministry
[chadama] Aze xidmet, Hau hidima, Hin khidmat, Ind khidmat, Kyr kyzmat, Per
chedmat, Swa huduma, Tat khezmet, Tur hizmet, Uzb hizmat borrowed from Ar
borrowed from Ar
chidr : women’s chamber [chadara]
chil‘a : robe of honor [?] Hin khilat, Per chal‘at
borrowed from Ar
chilaf : contrast; error [chalafa] Hin khilaf, Ind khilaf, hilap, Per chelaf, Tur
hilaf borrowed from Ar
chilafa : succession; caliphate [chalafa]
Hin khilafat, Per chelafat borrowed from Ar
chilala : (in) between [challa]
chinaq : neck [chanaqa]
chindhidh : whirlwind [Uga chdhdh]
chinssir : little finger [Sem ch-ss-r, Syr chessra, Jib
chessrer]
chinnuss : pig [Syr chnaytza, chanutza]
chinshar : fern [?]
chinzir : pig [Mal hanzir, Akk chuziru, Heb chazir, JNA
khizura, Uga chzr] Ful hinjiru, Per chenzir borrowed from Ar
chirba : ruin [charaba]
chissb : fruitfulness [chassaba] Per
chessb borrowed from Ar
chiszab : dye; painting [chaszaba] Hin
khizab, Per cheszab borrowed from Ar
chitam : end [chatama] Per chetam, Tur
hitam borrowed from Ar
chittab : speech [chattaba] Hin khitab,
Per chettab borrowed from Ar
chittam : nose-ring; bridle [Akk chuttimu (snout), Ara
chutma, Uga chtm (nose)] Per chettam, Swa hatamu borrowed from Ar
chittr : branch [Sem ch-tt-r, Akk chuttaru, Heb chetter,
Syr chuttra, JNA
khittra]
chizi : shame, disgrace [chazia] Swa hizi
borrowed from Ar
chizna : cash-box, treasury [chazana] Ind
khizanah borrowed from Ar
chubbaz : mauve [?] Per chobbaz borrowed from Ar
chubth : wickedness [chabutha] Per chobth
borrowed from Ar
chubz : bread [chabaza] Per chobz borrowed
from Ar
chuff : slippers [Gez kuf (shoe), Hrs chef (hoof), Amh
kuf]
chuffash : bat [chunfus]
chufia : secret; detective [chafia] Aze
xefiyye, Hin khufiya, Per chofye, Tur hafiye borrowed from Ar
chulassa : essence [chalassa] Hin khulasa,
Per cholasse borrowed from Ar
chuld : mole
[Sem ch-l-d, LiAr chlund, Heb choled (skink), chulda (rat), JNA khulda
(chamaeleon), Tig huled (mole)] Per chold borrowed from Ar
chuld : eternity [chalada] Per chold borrowed from Ar
chulq : character [chalaqa] Ind khuluk,
Per cholq, Swa hulka, Tat kholik borrowed from Ar
chultta : participation [chalatta] Hau
hulda, Per choltte borrowed from Ar
chums : fifth part [chamsa] Ful humsa, Hau
humusi, Per choms borrowed from Ar
chunfus : black beetle, scarab [LiAr chunufse, Heb
chipushit, Ara chrpws,
chrpd (bat)] Per chonfos
borrowed from Ar
chur : excrement [charia]
churafa : fable; idle talk; prejudice
[charifa] Hin khurafat, Ind khurafat, Per chorafat, Tat khorafat borrowed from
Ar
churi : priest [from Gre khoros]
churnub : carob [hharub] Per charnub borrowed
from Ar
churr : hole [Sem ch-r-r, Akk chararu (bore), Heb
charar, Syr chura (hole), Hrs cherrayt]
churttum : trunk [Heb charttom (beak)] Per chorttum, Tur
hortum borrowed from Ar
churuj : exit [charaja] Per choruj
borrowed from Ar
chuss : palm leaves [Sem ch-w-s]
chussba : fruitfulness [chassaba]
chussia : testicle [chassa] Per chossye
borrowed from Ar
chussla : cluster [Heb chotzelet (mat)]
chussma : quarrel [chassama] Hau husuma,
Ind khusmat, Per chossumat borrowed from Ar
chussuss : specialty; opportunity [chassa]
Ind khusus, Per chossuss, Tur husus borrowed from Ar
chussussan : especially [chassa] Aze
xüsusan, Hin khususan, Per chossussan borrowed from Ar
chussussi : special, private [chassa] Per
chossussi, Swa hususa borrowed from Ar
chussussia : specialty, originality,
peculiarity [chassa] Aze xüsusiyet, Hin khususiyat, Per chossussiyat borrowed
from Ar
chusuf : eclipse [chasafa] Hau husufi, Per
chosuf borrowed from Ar
chuszar : vegetables [chaszira] Per
choszarat borrowed from Ar
chutna : circumcision [chatana] Hin
khatna, Per chotne borrowed from Ar
chutta : plan [chattatta]
chuttba : speech; sermon, address
[chattaba] Hau huduba, Hin khutba, Ind khutbah, Per chottbe, Swa hotuba
borrowed from Ar
D
da‘a : call, claim [Sem d-‘-w, Tig dey] Swa dai borrowed
from Ar
da‘ama : support [?]
dabara : turn the back; follow [Sem d-b-r, Akk dabaru (make turn back),
Syr debar (lead), Uga dbr (turn the back)]
dabba : crawl [Sem d-b-b]
dabba : drive away [Sem d-b-b, Ara dbb (be an enemy)]
dabbaja : decorate [from Middle Per debag (brocade)]
dabbara : lead, control, plan [dabara]
dabbur : hornet [Sem d-b-r, Heb dabbur, Heb devora (bee), Syr debura (hornet), JNA dibbora (wasp), Hrs dheber (bee)]
dabdaba : trample [Sem d-b-d-b]
dabdaba : noise; pomp [dabdaba] Aze debdebe,
Hin dabdaba, Per dabdabe, Tur debdebe borrowed from Ar
dabiqa : cling, adhere [Sem d-b-q, Heb davaq, JNA dwq (hold)]
dacchana : smoke [dachina]
dacha : be dizzy [?]
dachala : enter [Gur del (belly)]
dachil : interior; entrance [dachala] Hin
dakhil, Per dachel, Tur dahil borrowed from Ar
dachila : interior; entry [dachala] Hin
dakhila, Per dachele borrowed from Ar
dachili : inner, interior [dachala] Aze
daxili, Hin dakhili, Per dacheli, Tur dahili borrowed from Ar
dachina : be smoky [Hrs nedehh (smoke)]
dachl : entry; income [dachala] Hin dakhl,
Per dachl borrowed from Ar
daf‘ : a
push (backwards), repelling [dafa‘a] Hin dafa, Per daf‘ borrowed from Ar
daf‘a : push; occasion, time [dafa‘a] Hin
dafa, Per daf‘e borrowed from Ar
dafa‘ : defence [dafa‘a] Per defa‘
borrowed from Ar
dafa‘a : push [Sem d-p-‘, Hrs dofa, Gez daf‘-]
dafa‘a : defend [dafa‘a]
dafana : conceal, bury [Sem s-p-n, Mal difen, Akk
ssapanu, ssapunu (north), Heb tzofen (code), tzafon (north), Amh ttsheffene (close the eyes),
JNA ssafon (north), Phoen sspn]
dafara : push [Sem d-p-r, Amh deffere (dare)]
daff : drum [Sem d-p-p, Heb tof, Uga tp, Amh debeddebe
(beat, rap), Phoen mtpp
(drummer)] Hin daf, Per daf
borrowed from Ar
daff : side (of body) [Heb daf (page), Syr dafa, Hrs deffet
(side)]
dafia : be warm [OS dafa, EthSem dfn (bake under
ashes)]
dafin : concealed [dafana] Per dafin
borrowed from Ar
dafina : buried treasure [dafana] Hin
dafina, Per dafine borrowed from Ar
dafn : burial [dafana] Hin dafn, Per dafn
borrowed from Ar
daftar : book, account-book, register, notebook,
copybook, exercise-book [from Gre diphthera (membrane)] Bul tefter, Ful
deftere, Gre tefteri, Hin daftar, Kyr depter, Per daftar, Swa daftari, Taj
daftar, Tur defter, Uzb daftar borrowed from Ar
dagh : brand [from Per] Hin dagh borrowed from Ar
daghdagha : tickle [onomat.]
daghdagha : a tickle [daghdagha] Per
daghdaghe borrowed from Ar
dahana : smear; rub in [Sem d-h-n, Syr dehan (become
fat), JNA dhn]
dahaq : shackle [Syr dhq]
dahasa : trample [dasa]
dahhara : drive away [Sem d-hh-r, Gez dhhr]
dahhasha : press in [Heb dachass (compress)]
dahia : be clever [?]
dahin : clever, sly; genius [dahia] Aze
dahi, Per dahi, Tur dahi borrowed from Ar
dahisha : be amazed [?]
dahsha : amazement; panic [dahisha] Hin
dahshat, Per dehshat borrowed from Ar
daidaban : guard [from Per dide-ban]
daim :
always, constantly, continuing [dama] Aze daim, Hin daym, Per dayem, Swa daima,
Tat daim, Tur daima borrowed from Ar
daimi : constant, continuous [dama] Per
dayemi, Tat daimi, Tur daimi borrowed from Ar
dain : debt [dana] Hin dain, Per dein, Swa
deni borrowed from Ar
da‘in : motive [da‘a] Per da‘i borrowed
from Ar
dair : monastery [dara] Per deyr borrowed
from Ar
dair : turning; concerning [dara] Aze
dair, Hin dayr, Per dayer, Tur dair borrowed from Ar
daira : circle; district [dara] Aze daire,
Hin dayra, Ind daerah, Per dayere, Tur daire borrowed from Ar
daja : be dim [?]
dajaj : poultry [Sem d-g-d-g, Mal tigiegia] Per dojaj
borrowed from Ar
dajala : swindle [Sem d-g-l, Syr dagel]
dajana : remain [Sem d-g-n (grains)]
dajana : be dim [Sem d-g-n, Syr degna (blindness)]
dajjal : swindler; antichrist; naughty
[dajala] Aze decel, Ful dajjal, Hin dajjal, Per dajjal borrowed from Ar
dajl : swindle, deceit [dajala] Hin dagal,
Per dajl borrowed from Ar
dakka :
stamp (floor) [Sem d-k-k, Akk dakkanu (doorway), Syr duktha (place), JNA duka,
duktha, dikkana (shop), Hrs dikka (roof), Tig dekka (bench)]
dakka : floor, deck; bench [dakka] Per dakke borrowed from Ar
dal : the letter d [Sem d-l, Akk daltu (door), Heb dalet, Uga dlt] Per dal borrowed from Ar
dala : draw (water) [Sem d-l-w, d-l-y, Akk dalu
(bucket), Heb deli, JNA
dola, Hrs dolew]
dala : change, alternate [Sem d-w-l, Syr dal (move)]
dalafa : ooze [Sem d-l-p, Heb dalaf, JNA dlp, Uga dlp]
dalaka : rub [?]
dalala : guidance, reference [dalla] Per
dalalat, Tur delalet borrowed from Ar
daldala : let dangle [Sem d-l-d-l]
dalia : vine; branch [Heb dalia, Syr dalitha]
dalil : indication; evidence [dalla] Aze
delil, Ful dalila, Hin dalil, Per dalil, Swa dalili, Tur delil borrowed from Ar
dalla : indicate [Sem d-l-l, Uga dll (broker), Amh dellala]
dalla : suspend [Sem d-l-w]
dalla‘ : watermelon [Heb dela‘at (pumpkin)]
dallal : broker [dalla] Ful dilali,
Hau dillali, Hin dallal, Ind dalal, Per dallal, Swa dalali borrowed from Ar
dalw : bucket [dala] Per dalw borrowed from Ar
dam : blood [Sem d-m, Mal demm, Akk damu, Heb dam,
Syr dama, JNA dimma, Amh dem, Tig dem, Uga dm, Phoen dm] Per dam, Swa damu borrowed from Ar
dam‘ : tears [dama‘a] Per dam‘ borrowed
from Ar
dama : last [Sem d-w-m, Heb domem (still), Hrs adim
(stay, dwell), Meh adim, Soq deme (sleep), Uga dmm (be still)]
dama‘a : shed tears [Sem d-m-‘, Akk dimtu (tear),
Mal demgha, Heb dim‘a, Syr dem‘etha, JNA dime’tha, Hrs demat, Uga dm‘t, Ebl idma‘atu]
damana : scatter manure [Sem d-m-n, Heb domen (manure)]
damara : be destroyed [Sem d-m-r, Uga dmrn (daring)]
damasa : conceal [Sem d-m-s, JNA dms (sink)]
damdama : rumble [Sem d-m-d-m, onomat.]
damila : heal [?]
damin : bloody [dam]
damma : paint red [Sem d-m, Akk adammu (red), Heb adom, Gur dama (reddish),
Uga ’dm (be red)]
dammara : destroy [damara]
dana : convert, become pious [Sem d-y-n, Akk dianu (condemn), Heb din,
Syr dan, JNA dayyan
(judge), Amh dannya
(arbitrate), Uga dyn]
dana : be near [Sem d-n-y, Syr dana (approach), Hrs deno
(conceive a child)]
dana : be lowly [Sem d-n-y]
dana : borrow [?]
danasa : be defiled [Sem d-n-s]
dann : urn, barrel [Sem d-n, Akk dannu, Syr danna]
danna : buzz [Sem d-n-n, Hrs dennet (echo)]
daqal : date palm [Sem d-q-l, Syr deqla]
daqal : mast [Sem d-q-l]
daqiq :
thin [daqqa] Aze deqiq, Per daqiq borrowed from Ar
daqiqa : minute [daqqa] Aze deqiqe, Ful
dakika, Hin dakika, Per daqiqe, Swa dakika, Taj daqiqa, Tur dakika borrowed
from Ar
daqqa : be thin [Sem d-q-q, Mal dqiq (flour), Akk
daqaqu (crush), Heb daq (thin), daqqa (minute), JNA dyq (grind), Amh deqiq (thin), Uga dq, Phoen dq]
dar : house [Sem d-w-r, d-y-r, Mal dar, Akk duru
(city wall, fortress), Heb dira (apartment), Syr dayar (house), dira
(monastery)] Hin dar borrowed from Ar
dara : turn [Sem d-w-r, d-y-r, Akk daru (era), Heb dor
(generation), JNA dor, Hrs dawr (turn), Uga drdr (eternity), dr (family circle), Phoen dr]
dara : know [?]
daraj :
steps, rank [daraja]
daraja : step [Sem d-r-g, Mal targa (step, degree), Heb
darga, Syr daraga, Amh dereja]
daraja : degree, rank, level [daraja] Aze
derece, Hin darja, Ind darjah, derajat, Kyr daraja, Per daraje, Swa daraja, Tat
deredzhe, Tur derece, Uzb darazha borrowed from Ar
daraka : lowest rung [adraka]
daran : tumor [Tig deren (blister)]
daran : dirt [darina]
darasa : thresh [Sem d-r-sh, Ara drs (tread)]
darasa : study [Sem d-r-sh, Heb darash (preach), Syr
derash, Amh derrese (compose), Phoen drsh (seek)]
darb : street, path; passage [Syr darba, Meh darb] Per
darb borrowed from Ar
darfil : dolphin [dulfin]
darham : a coin [from Gre drachme] Ind derham, Per
darham borrowed from Ar
dariba : be accustomed, practiced [?]
darij : current; colloquial [daraja]
darina : be dirty [?]
darj : insertion, entry; a record [daraja]
Hin darj, Per darj borrowed from Ar
darra : run freely [Sem d-r-r, Akk dararu]
darraba : train sy [dariba]
darraja : insert [daraja]
darraja : bicycle [daraja]
darrasa : teach [darasa]
dars : lesson [darasa] Aze ders, Ful
darse, Hau daras, Hin dars, Per dars, Swa darasa, Taj dars, Tat deres, Tur
ders, Uzb dars borrowed from Ar
darssini : cinnamon [dar + ssini] Bul
darchin, Swa dalasini, Tur tarcin borrowed from Ar
darz : seam [from Per]
dasa : trample, tread [Sem d-w-s, d-y-s, Heb dash
(stamp), Syr dash, JNA dysh, d’sh, Hrs dos, Tig dehasa]
dasam : fatness [Akk dashnu (mighty), Heb dashan (fat)]
dassa : bury [Sem d-s-s]
dastur : custom; constitution [from Per] Hin dastur, Swa
desturi borrowed from Ar
daucha : dizziness [dacha]
dauka : tumult [Ara dwk]
daula : force, majesty, state [dala] Aze
dövlet, Hin daulat, Ind daulat, Per doulat, Swa dola, Tat deület, Tur devlet,
Uzb davlat borrowed from Ar
daum : duration [dama] Per doum borrowed
from Ar
daur : a round; rotation, epoch [dara] Hin
daur, Per dour, Tur devir, Uzb davr borrowed from Ar
daura : turn, revolution, circulation,
period [dara] Hin daura, Per doure, Swa duara, Tur devre, Uzb davra borrowed
from Ar
dauran : epoch [dara] Hin dauran, Per
douran borrowed from Ar
dauri : sparrow [LiAr dweri, Heb dror]
dauri : periodic [dara] Per douri borrowed
from Ar
dauria : circulation, patrol [dara] Swa
doria borrowed from Ar
dauwana : register, write in [diwan]
dawa : treat, heal [?]
dawa : inkpot [maybe from OEg like Heb dyo (ink)] Ful dawa, Hin davat, Ind dawat, Per dawat borrowed
from Ar
dawa : medicine [dawa] Hin dava, Per dawa,
Swa dawa, Tur deva, Uzb davo borrowed from Ar
da‘wa : a call [da‘a] Hin davat, Per
da‘wat borrowed from Ar
da‘wa : claim; lawsuit, legal procedure
[da‘a] Hin dava, Ind daawa, Kyr doo, Per da‘wa, Swa daawa, Tat degve, Tur dava
borrowed from Ar
dawam : duration [dama] Hin davam, Per
dawam, Tat devam, Tur devam borrowed from Ar
dawan : disease [Sem d-w-y, Akk diu, Heb dawah (ill),
Syr dawya (miserable), Uga dwy (be sick)]
dawaran : turning, circulation [dara] Hin
dauran, Per dawaran borrowed from Ar
dia : ransom [wada] Ind diyat, Per diyat,
Swa dia borrowed from Ar
diana : honesty; religion [dana] Hin
dayanat, Per diyanat, Tur diyanet borrowed from Ar
diar : region [dara] Hin dayar, Per diyar
borrowed from Ar
dibaj : brocade [dabbaja] Ind dibaj, Per diba, dibaj
borrowed from Ar
dibaja : ornament; preface [dabbaja] Per dibache, Swa dibaji borrowed from Ar
diblumasi : diplomacy [from Eng diplomacy]
dibs : mead [Sem d-b-s, Akk dishpu (honey), Heb dvash, JNA dabasha, dusha]
difa‘ : pushing back, defense [dafa‘a] Per defa‘ borrowed from Ar
difli : oleander [from Gre daphne (laurel)] Per defli
borrowed from Ar
dihliz : corridor [from Per]
dihsha :
amazement; fright; horror [dahisha] Aze dehset, Ind dahsyat, Per dehshat, Tat
dehshet, Tur dehset borrowed from Ar
Dijla : Tigris [from Sum] Per Dajle borrowed from Ar
dik : cock [Amh dakkeyye (duck)] Per dik borrowed
from Ar
dimagh : brain [Sem d-m-gh, Amh demah (crown of the
head), Tig demqet] Hin dimag, Per demagh, Tur dimag borrowed from Ar
dimn : manure [damana] Per demn borrowed from Ar
dimukratti : democratic [from Gre demokratikos]
din : religion [from Per din] Aze din, Ful dina, Hau
addini, Hin din, Ind din, Kyr din, Swa dini, Tat din, Tur din, Uzb din borrowed
from Ar
dinar : a coin [from Lat denarius] Hin dinar, Per
dinar, Ser dinar borrowed from Ar
dini : religious [din] Per dini, Tat dini,
Tur dini borrowed from Ar
diqqa :
refinement; attention, care [daqqa] Hin diqqat, Per deggat, Taj diqqat, Tur
dikkat borrowed from Ar
dir‘ : breastplate [Sem d-r-‘] Per der‘ borrowed from Ar
dirasa : a study [darasa] Per derasat
borrowed from Ar
disambr : December [from Fre decembre]
diwan : collection of verses; register; councillor
[from Per diwan] Ful diwanu, Hin divan, Per diwan, Swa diwani borrowed from Ar
diwan : sofa [diwan] Alb divan, Aze divan,
Gre ntibani, Taj divan, Tat divan, Tur divan borrowed from Ar
du‘a : a call; prayer [da‘a] Ful doa, Hau
addua, Hin dua, Ind doa, Per do‘a, Swa dua, Tur dua, Uzb duo borrowed from Ar
dubb : bear [Sem d-b, Mal debb, Akk dabu, Heb dov, JNA dibba, Amh debb, Tig debb, Ebl dabbu] Per dobb, Swa dubu
borrowed from Ar
dubr : the back; anus [dabara] Ful duburu, Hau dubura, Ind dubur, jubur, Per dobor borrowed from
Ar
duchan : smoke; tobacco [dachina] Hun
dohany, Per dochan borrowed from Ar
duchn : millet [?]
duchul : entry [dachala] Per dochul
borrowed from Ar
dud : worm [?] Per dud, Swa dudu borrowed from Ar
duhn : oil [dahana] Per dohn borrowed from
Ar
dujja : darkness [daja] Per doja borrowed from Ar
dukkan : shop [dakka] Alb dyqan, Aze
dükan, Bul djukjan, Ful dukkani, Hin dukan, Ind dukan, Kyr dükön, Per dokkan,
Swa duka, Ser ducan, Taj dukon, Tur dükkan, Uzb dökon borrowed from Ar
dulab : wheel [from a Middle Per *dol-ab (water
bucket)] Alb dollap, Gre ntoulapa, Per dulab, Rom dulap, Tur dolap borrowed
from Ar
dulb : platane [?]
dulfin : dolphin [from Gre delphis] Hin dulfin, Per
dalfin borrowed from Ar
duman : rudder [from Ita timone] Alb timon, Gre timoni,
Tur dümen borrowed from Ar
dumia : statue [Sem d-m-y, Akk damtu (form), Heb demut
(model), Syr dma (resemble)]
dumluj : bracelet [Sem d-m-l-g]
duna : without [?] Swa duni borrowed from Ar
dunia : world [Mal dinja, JNA dunye] Ful duniya, Hau duniya, Hin duniya, Ind dunya,
Kyr düinö, Per donya, Swa dunia, Tat dönya, Tur dünya, Uzb dunyo borrowed from
Ar
dunum : an area measure [from Tur dönüm]
durbin : binoculars, telescope [from Per dar-bin
(far-sight)] Alb dylbi, Kyr dürvü, Ser durbin, Swa darubini, Tur dürbün, Uzb
durbin borrowed from Ar
durr : pearl [Sem d-w-r, Ara dwr] Hin dur, Ind dur, Per
dorr borrowed from Ar
durraj : hazel grouse [?] Per dorraj borrowed from Ar
durraq : peach [?]
duwali : international [daula]
duwama : whirlpool [Sem d-w-m]
duwar : circulation; dizziness [dara]
DH
dha : this [Sem dh, EgAr da, Mal dan, Heb ze, Syr da,Uga d, dh, Phoen z]
dha‘a : spread, broadcast [?]
dhaba : melt [Sem dh-w-b, Syr dab, Ara dwb (flow), Hrs
dheyob]
dhabahha : slaughter [Sem dh-b-hh, Mal debah (sacrifice),
Akk zibu (food offering), Heb zavach (sacrifice), Syr debach (slaughter), JNA madhbahh (altar), Tig zbhh
(slaughter), Uga mdbhh, Phoen
zbhh (sacrifice)]
dhabba : protect [Sem d-b-b, Heb davav, Ara dbb (lawsuit)]
dhabba : drive away [dabba]
dhabdhaba : swing [Sem dh-b-dh-b]
dhabhh : slaughtering [dhabahha] Hin
zabah, Per dhabhh borrowed from Ar
dhabihha : sacrifice [dhabahha] Swa
dhabihu borrowed from Ar
dhachara : store [Sem dh-ch-r]
dhachira : reserves [dhachara] Per
dhachire borrowed from Ar
dhada : drive away [Sem dh-w-d, Syr dad (disturb)]
dhahab : gold [dhahaba] Per dhahab, Swa
dhahabu borrowed from Ar
dhahab : going [dhahaba] Per dhahab,
dhaheb borrowed from Ar
dhahaba : gild [Sem dh-h-b, EgAr dahab (gold), Heb zahav,
Syr dahaba, JNA dehwa]
dhahaba : go forth [?]
dhahala : forget [Sem dh-h-l]
dhahil : forgetful, careless [dhahala] Hin
zahil, Per dhahel borrowed from Ar
dhahila : stupefy [Sem dh-h-l, Syr dahel]
dhahin : intelligent [dhihn] Hin zahin,
Per dhahin borrowed from Ar
dhail : back or bottom part [OS cil (tail), Soq ttal (sheep's tail)] Hin zail, Per dheyl borrowed from Ar
dhaiqa : good taste [dhaqa] Hin zayka, Per
dhaeqe borrowed from Ar
dhaka : that [dha + ka]
dhaka : intelligence [dhakia] Aze zeka,
Per dhaka, Tur zeka borrowed from Ar
dhakar : male [Sem dh-k-r, Akk zikaru, Heb zakhar, Syr
dekra, Uga dkr] Ful jakari, Hau azzakari, Per dhakar
borrowed from Ar
dhakara : remember [Sem dh-k-r, Akk zakaru (speak), Heb zakhar, Syr dekar, JNA tkhr, Amh tezkar (commemoration), Phoen zkr]
dhaki : intelligent [dhakia] Per dhaki
borrowed from Ar
dhakia : be intelligent [?]
dhakir :
remembering; pious [dhakara] Hin zakir, Per dhaker borrowed from Ar
dhakira :
memory [dhakara] Per dhakere borrowed from Ar
dhakkara
: remind [dhakara]
dhalala : baseness [dhalla] Hin zalalat,
Per dhellat borrowed from Ar
dhalika : that [dha + ka]
dhalil : low, base [dhalla] Hin zalil, Per dhalil, Tur zelil
borrowed from Ar
dhalla : be low; humiliated [Sem dh-l-l, Heb zol
(cheap), Syr zaleyl (licentious), JNA dalila (poor), Uga dl (small), Phoen dl (poor)] Swa dhili borrowed from Ar
dhamma : reproach [Syr damem (observe)]
dhanab : tail [Sem dh-n-b, Mal denb, Akk zibbatu, Heb
zanav, Syr domba, Hrs dheneb, Soq dinab, Tig zeneb, Uga dhnb, Ebl dhenabu]
dhanb : sin [Syr danab (wretched)] Ful junuba, Hau
zunubi, Per dhanb, Swa dhambi borrowed from Ar
dhaqa : taste good [Sem dh-w-q, Heb duq (look), Syr adeq]
dhaqan : beard [Sem dh-q-n, Akk ziqnu, Heb zaqan, JNA
diqna, Uga dqn, Phoen zqn, Ebl dhaqanu]
dhara : scatter, winnow [Sem dh-r-y, Akk zaru, Uga dhry]
dhara‘a : measure [?]
dharaqa : drop shit [zaraqa]
dhari‘a : means [dhara‘a] Hin zariya, Per
dhari‘e borrowed from Ar
dharib : sharp [Sem dh-r-b]
dharra : scatter [dhara]
dharra :
a grain; an atom, a molecule [dharra] Hin zarra, Per dharre, Tur zerre, Uzb
zarra, Tur zerre borrowed from Ar
dhat : nature; essence [dha] Ful jati, Hin
zat, Per dhat, Tur zat borrowed from Ar
dhauq : taste, flavor; feel [dhaqa] Aze
zövq, Hin zauk, Per dhouq, Tur zevk borrowed from Ar
dhib : wolf [Sem dh-b, Akk zibu (jackal), Heb zeev,
Syr daba, JNA dewa, Amh jeb (hyena), Tig zebi]
dhihn : intelligence, mind; memory
[dzanna] Aze zehn, Hin zehn, Per dhehn, Tat zihen, Tur zihin borrowed from Ar
dhikr : mention [dhakara] Hin zikr, Per
dhekr, Tur zikir borrowed from Ar
dhikra : memory [dhakara]
dhilla : baseness; suffer humiliation
[dhalla] Hin zillat, Per zellat borrowed from Ar
dhimma : responsibility [dhamma] Hin zimma, Per dhemme borrowed
from Ar
dhira‘ : arm [Sem dh-r-‘, LiAr dra‘, Mal driegh, Heb
zero‘a, Syr dera‘a, JNA
dra’a, Hrs dhera, Tig mezret, Uga dhr‘]
dhu : the one of [Sem dh]
dhubab : flies [Sem dh-b-b, LiAr dubbane, Mal dubbiena,
Akk zubbu, Heb zevuv,
Syr dababa, JNA didwa, Hrs dhebbet, Amh zemb, Ebl zababu]
dhura : millet [dharra]
dhurria : offspring [dharra] Tur zürriyet
borrowed from Ar
dhurwa : summit [?] Aze zirve, Per dhorwe, Tur zirve
borrowed from Ar
DZ
dza’ana :
depart [Sem dz-’-n, Akk ssenu (carry, load), Heb tta’an, Syr tt’en, JNA tt’n,
Amh ttshana]
dzabi : gazelle [Sem dz-b-y, Akk ssabitu, Heb tzevi, Syr ttabya,
Sab ssby (antelopes), Uga dzby (gazelle), Ebl dzabaytu]
dzafira : be successful [?]
dzafr : victory [dzafira] Aze zefer, Per
dzafar, Tur zafer, Uzb zafar borrowed from Ar
dzahara : be clear, bright; appear
[zahara]
dzahir : clear, obvious; external
[dzahara] Aze zahir, Hau zahiri, Per dzaher, Swa dhahiri, Tur zahir borrowed
from Ar
dzahira : appearance [dzahara]
dzahr : back [Sem dz-h-r, Akk sseru, Uga dzr]
dzalam : darkness [dzalima]
dzalama : oppress [Sem dz-l-m, Syr ttlam] Swa dhulumu
borrowed from Ar
dzalil : shady [dzalla]
dzalim : wicked; tyrant, oppressor
[dzalama] Hin zalim, Kyr zulum, Per dzalem, Swa dhalimu, Tur zalim, Uzb zolim
borrowed from Ar
dzalima : be dark [Sem dz-l-m, Mal dlam (darkness), Akk
ssalamu (be dark), Heb tzelem (image), Syr tzalma, JNA zulmat (darkness), Soq tlm, Amh tshelleme (be dark), Tig
selma (dark), Uga dzlmt (darkness)]
dzalla : make shady [Sem dz-l-l, Mal dell (shade), EgAr
dill, Akk ssillu, Heb tzel, Syr ttelala, JNA ttilla, Amh ttela, Uga dzl]
dzalla : stay [?]
dzama : be thirsty [Sem dz-m-y, Akk ssamu, Heb tzama, Hrs dzema, Amh ttema, Tig ssema, Uga dzm’]
dzann : opinion [dzanna] Aze zenn, Per
dzann, Tur zan borrowed from Ar
dzanna : mean, think, assume, consider [Hrs dzen, Gur
atyanne]
dzarafa : elegance, wit [dzarufa] Hin
zarafat, Per dzarafat borrowed from Ar
dzarf : envelope [dzarrafa] Alb zarf, Aze
zerf, Per dzarf, Tur zarf borrowed from Ar
dzarf : situation [dzarufa]
dzarif : elegant [dzarufa] Aze zerif, Per
dzarif, Tur zarif borrowed from Ar
dzarrafa : wrap, put in a wrap [?]
dzarufa : be elegant [?]
dzat : being; object, thing [dzu] Kyr zat,
Tur zat borrowed from Ar
dzill : shade [dzalla]
dzirr : flintstone [Akk ssurru, Heb ssor, Syr ttur,
OSAr dzwr, Uga dzr]
dzu : belonging to [?]
dzufr : fingernail [Sem dz-p-r, EgAr dufr, Mal difer, Akk
ssupru, Heb tzipporen, Syr ttefra, JNA ttupra, Hrs dzefir, Amh ttefer, Tig ssefer]
dzuhr : noon [dzahara] Hau azahar, Ind
lohor, Per dzohr, Swa adhuhuri borrowed from Ar
dzuhur : appearance [dzahara] Per dzohor,
Tur zuhur borrowed from Ar
dzulm : oppression; wrong, inequity
[dzalama] Aze zülm, Hin dzulm, Per dzolm, Tur zulüm borrowed from Ar
dzulma : darkness [dzalima] Aze zülmet,
Hin dzulma, Ind zulmat, Per dzolmat, Tur zulmet borrowed from Ar
F
fa : the letter f [Sem p-y, Heb pe (mouth)] Per fe
borrowed from Ar
fa : then [Sem p-y, Heb af (altough, even), Uga p
(and then), Phoen ’p]
fa‘al : active [fa‘ala] Aze feal, Per
fa‘al, Tur faal borrowed from Ar
fa‘ala : do [Sem p-‘-l, Heb pa‘l, Syr pa‘la
(worker), JNA pa’la,
Uga b‘l (act), Phoen p‘l]
fa‘ala : workers, laborers [fa‘ala] Aze
fehle, Per fa‘le borrowed from Ar
fa‘alia : activity [fa‘ala] Per fa‘aliyat,
Tur faaliyet, Uzb faoliyat borrowed from Ar
facchar : pottery [from Sum bahar] Per facchar borrowed from Ar
fach : sling [Syr pacha]
fachara : boast [Sem p-ch-r, Mal fahhar (praise), Heb
tiferet (splendor)]
fachdh : thigh [Sem p-ch-d, Heb pachad, Syr puchda, Hrs
efhad] Per fachdh borrowed from Ar
fachir : splendid [fachara] Per facher
borrowed from Ar
fachr : fame, pride, glory [fachara] Aze
fexr, Hin fakhr, Per fachr borrowed from Ar
fada : redeem [Sem p-d-y, Mal feda, Heb pada, Ara pdy,
Amh fayda (value), Uga pdy]
fadan : redemption [fada]
faddan : an area [Sem p-d-n, Akk padanu (path), Syr
padana (plough, yoke, field)]
fadza‘a : disgust; dismay [fadzu‘a] Per
fadza‘at, Swa fadhaa borrowed from Ar
fadzu‘a : be disgusting [?]
faghara : gape [Syr pe‘ar]
fahama : understand [Mal fehem, maybe from a common Sem
root p-h (see), cp. Uga phw,
phy (see)] Ful fama, Ind
faham, Swa fahamu borrowed from Ar
fahd : panther; cheetah [Syr pahda] Per fahd borrowed
from Ar
fahha : hiss [Sem p-hh, Heb puch (wheeze), Tig fehhot
(smell)]
fahhassa : break up (soil); investigate [?]
fahhish : adulterous [fahhusha] Hin
fahish, Per fahhesh borrowed from Ar
fahhl : male, stallion [Sem p-hh-l, Mal fahal, Akk
puchalu, Uga phhl] Per fahhl borrowed from Ar
fahhm : coal [Sem p-hh-m, Akk pemtu, Mal faham, Heb
pecham, Uga phhm] Per fahhm borrowed from Ar
fahhss : investigation [fahhassa] Per
fahhss borrowed from Ar
fahhusha : be filthy, adulterous [Mal fahxi (obscene)]
fahima :
understand [fahama]
fahm : understanding [fahama] Ful fahmu,
Hin fahm, Ind faham, Per fahm borrowed from Ar
faida : use; benefit, profit [afada] Aze
fayda, Hau faida, Hin fayda, Kyr payda, Per faede, Swa faida, Tat faida, Tur
fayda, Uzb foyda borrowed from Ar
fa‘il : perpetrator [fa‘ala] Per fa‘el,
Tur fail borrowed from Ar
failasuf : philosopher [from Gre philosophos] Hin
failasuf, Ind failasuf, Per feylasuf borrowed from Ar
faiq : superior, excellent [faqa] Per faeq
borrowed from Ar
fairuz : turquoise [from Per piruz] Hin firoza, Ind
pirus, Per firuz borrowed from Ar
faissal : adjudication, decision [fassala]
Hin faisla, Per feyssal borrowed from Ar
faisz : abundantly; interest, percentage
[fasza] Aze faiz, Hin faiz, Per feysz borrowed from Ar
faja : come unexpectedly [?]
faja‘a : suffer disaster [Heb paga‘ (injure)]
faji‘ : disastrous [faja‘a] Per faji‘, Tur
feci borrowed from Ar
faji‘a :
catastrophe, disaster [faja‘a] Aze facie, Per faji‘e, Tat fadzhiga, Tur facia
borrowed from Ar
fajj : passage (between two hills) [Syr paga
(crossroads)] Per fajj borrowed from Ar
fajja‘a : torment [faja‘a]
fajjara : split, burst [Sem p-g-r, Mal fagra (bleeding)]
fajr : daybreak [fajjara] Ful fajiri, Hin
fajr, Ind fajar, Per fajr, Swa alfajiri borrowed from Ar
fakaha : merryment [fakiha] Per fakahat borrowed from Ar
fakiha : be merry [Sem p-k-h]
fakiha : fruit [maybe from a common Sem root p-k (break
away)] Per fakehe borrowed from Ar
fakk : jaw [Sem p-k-k, Syr paka (cheek)] Per fakk
borrowed from Ar
fakk : loosening, separaration [fakka] Per
fakk borrowed from Ar
fakka : loosen, redeem [Syr pekak (break), Gur feka
(escape), Tig fekk (limb, joint)]
fakkara : think over [Sem p-k-r, Mal fakkar (remind)] Swa fikiri
borrowed from Ar
fal : good omen [tafauwala] Per fal, Swa fali, Tur fal
borrowed from Ar
fa‘l : act [fa‘ala] Hin fal, Ind faal,
feel, Per fe‘l borrowed from Ar
fala : delouse [Sem p-l-y, Akk uplu (head louse),
Syr palya (a locust)]
fala‘a : split, divide [Sem p-l-’, JNA pl’]
falafil : a dish
falahha : split, plough [Sem p-l-hh, Heb pallach
(ploughsman), Syr palacha]
falaj : palsy [falaja] Per falaj borrowed
from Ar
falaja : split, divide [Sem p-l-g, Akk palgu (canal), Heb pilleg
(split), Syr pelag, JNA
palga (half), BAram plg, Uga
plg, Phoen plg
(district)]
falak : heaven; orbit [Sem p-l-k, Akk pilakku
(spindle), Heb pelekh,
Uga plk] Aze felek, Ful
falaku, Hin falak, Ind falak, Per falak, Tur felek, Uzb falak borrowed from Ar
falaka : disaster [falak] Aze felaket, Per
falakat, Tur felaket, Uzb falokat borrowed from Ar
falamanki : Dutch [from Dutch vleming]
falanka : railway sleeper [from Gre phalanx]
falaqa : split, divide [Akk palaku (separate), palaqu
(slay)]
falasa : ruin, make bankrupt [Sem p-l-s, Amh fellese
(get uprooted, emigrate)] Swa filisi borrowed from Ar
falata : escape [Sem p-l-t, Akk balattu (live), Heb
niflatt, Syr pelatt, Uga pltt]
falia : a scarab [fala]
falij : palsy [Mal filga] Hin falij, Per falej, Tur
felc borrowed from Ar
falla : break, split [Sem p-l-y, Tig fela]
fallahh : peasant [falahha] Ind fellah,
Per fallahh borrowed from Ar
fallasa : declare bankrupt [?]
fals : a coin [fils] Per fals borrowed
from Ar
falsafa : philosophy [from Gre philosophia] Aze felsefe,
Hin falsafa, Ind falsafat, filsafat, Per falsafe, Tur felsefe, Uzb falsafa
borrowed from Ar
faluka :
felucca [fulk]
fam : mouth [Sem p-m, Mal fomm, Syr puma, JNA pimma]
Per fam borrowed from Ar
fana : going down, perishing [fania] Hin
fana, Per fana borrowed from Ar
fanar : lighthouse; lantern, lamp [from Gre phanarion]
Aze fener, Per fanar, Rus fonar, Tat fonar, Tur fener borrowed from Ar
fani : perishing, transitory [fania] Hin
fani, Per fani borrowed from Ar
fania : consume; go down, perish [Sem p-n-y, Mal fena, Heb pana (turn), Syr pena, Amh fina (direction), Tig fena (depart),
Uga pny (turn)]
fann : sort; art; technique [fanna] Ful
fannu, Hau fanni, Hin fan, Per fann, Tur fen, Uzb fan borrowed from Ar
fanna : vary [Heb ofen (manner)]
fannan : artist; technical [fanna] Per
fannan borrowed from Ar
fanni : technical, scientific [fanna] Per
fanni, Tat fenni, Tur fenni borrowed from Ar
fanus : lantern, lamp, torch; headlight [from Gre
phanos] Hin fanus, Per fanus, Swa fanusi borrowed from Ar
faq : cleft [faqa] Per faq borrowed from Ar
faqa : split, burst [Sem p-q-y] Swa foka borrowed from Ar
faqa : surpass [Sem p-w-q]
faqa : need, starvation [?] Hin faka, Per faqe borrowed from Ar
faqa‘a : burst [Sem p-q-‘, Mal faqa‘, JNA pq’]
faqada : lose [?]
faqar : spinal column [?] Ind fakar, Per faqar borrowed from Ar
faqara : pierce [Sem p-q-r]
faqatt : only [?] Hin fakat, Per faqatt borrowed from Ar
faqhha : anus [Ara pqch (open the eyes)]
faqid : needy; unconscious [faqada] Per
faqed borrowed from Ar
faqih : legal expert [faqiha] Per faqih
borrowed from Ar
faqiha : understand [?]
faqir : poor [faqura] Aze faqir, Ful
fakiri, Hin faqir, Ind fakir, Per faqir, Swa fukara, Tat fekir, Tur fakir
borrowed from Ar
faqr : poverty [faqura] Per faqr borrowed
from Ar
faqura : make poor [?]
far : lamb [Sem p-r, Mal fart (young bull), Akk parru
(lamb), Heb para (cow), Uga pr (young bull)]
far‘ : branch [Mal fergha, Heb peri (fruit), Syr pera,
Amh fere, Uga pr, Phoen pr]
fara : split [Sem p-r-y]
fara : mouse [Sem p-r-r, Mal far, Akk perurutu, Hrr
fur, Gur fur, Ebl paratu] Per fare, Tur fare borrowed from Ar
fara : wild ass [Akk paru (mule), Heb pere]
fara : boil [Ara pwr (be angry)]
farada : be alone [Sem p-r-d, Mal fired, Heb hifrid
(separate)]
faragha : be empty [Mal fieragh]
faragh : emptiness; leisure [faragha] Per
faragh borrowed from Ar
faragha : leisure [faragha] Aze faraqat,
Hau faraga, Hin faraghat, Per faraghat borrowed from Ar
farahh :
joy [farihha] Aze fereh, Per farahh, Swa furaha borrowed from Ar
faraj : relaxation [faraja]
faraja : split; scatter [Mal farrag (comfort), EgAr
farag (release)]
faraka : rub [Mal farrak (grind), Syr perak (rub)]
faraqa : split, separate [Sem p-r-q, Mal ferraq, Heb
pereq (chapter), Syr
peraq (remove), purqana (salvation), JNA prk (break off), Uga prq (separate)]
faras : horse [Sem p-r-s, Heb parash, Syr parasha
(knight), JNA parasha, Hrs ferhin (horse), Amh feres, Tig feres, Uga prs (cart)] Per faras, Swa farasi borrowed from Ar
farasa : tear apart [Sem p-r-s, Akk parasu (cut off,
decide), Heb perush (meaning), Syr perash (distinguish), JNA prsh (split), Amh ferrese (fall apart)]
farasha : spread [Mal firex, Akk parasu, Heb paras, Syr perass, JNA prs, Uga prsh]
farasha : moth, butterfly [?]
farasza : prescribe [?]
farata : pick [Sem p-r-t, Heb parat (cut, divide)]
faraza : separate [Meh feroz]
farch : offspring, shoot, sprout [farracha]
farcha : young bird [farracha]
fard : individual; single [farada] Aze
ferd, Hin fard, Per fard, Tur fert borrowed from Ar
farigh : empty, hollow; free [faragha] Hin
farig, Per faregh borrowed from Ar
farihha : rejoice [Mal ferah]
fariq : difference; group [faraqa] Hin
farik, Per fariq borrowed from Ar
farir : lamb [far]
faris : horseman [faras]
farisza : commandment, obligation
[farasza] Ful farilla, Per farisze, Swa faradhi borrowed from Ar
farj : ravine; vagina [faraja] Ful farji,
Hau farji, Per farj borrowed from Ar
farmala : brake [from Fre frein a main]
farq : difference [faraqa] Aze ferq, Hin
fark, Ind farak, Per farq, Tur fark borrowed from Ar
farra : flee [Sem p-r-r, Akk pararu (be broken up), Heb porer (crumble), Syr perar (flee), Hrs fer (fly), Uga prr (break)]
farracha : have chicks [Sem p-r-ch, Akk per‘u (sprout), Mal ferch
(cub), Heb efroach (chick), perach (blossom), Syr parocha (chick), JNA farkha]
farran : baker [furn]
farraqa : separate [faraqa]
farrassa : have leisure [?]
farrasza : cut in [Sem p-r-sz, Heb paratz (break), mifratz
(gulf, bay)]
farratta : exceed [?]
farruj : chicken [Heb pargit, Syr paruga (kid), JNA
farrujka (chick)] Swa faranga borrowed from Ar
farsh : spread; furniture, carpet
[farasha] Aze fers, Hin farsh, Per farsh borrowed from Ar
farshahha : squat [Akk napalsuchu, Uga prshh]
farsi : Persian [Furs] Per farsi, Taj
forsi, Tur farsi borrowed from Ar
farsz : groove [farrasza]
farsz : presumption; duty, obligation
[farasza] Aze ferz, Hin farz, Ind fardu, Per farsz, Tat faraz, Tur farz
borrowed from Ar
farw : fur [from Sum bar (skin)]
fas : pickax, axe [Sem p-s, Mal fies, Akk pashu, Meh
fos, Soq fos, Amh fas, Tig fas] Per fas borrowed from Ar
fasa : fart [Sem p-sh-y, Akk pashu, JNA pshy, Amh fesa, Tig fesha]
fasacha : dislocate (a limb) [Sem p-s-ch, Akk pesu
(lame), Heb pisseach (limping)]
fasad : corruption, malice [fasada] Aze
fesad, Hin fasad, Per fasad borrowed from Ar
fasada : be bad [?]
fasaqa : deviate, err [Sem p-s-q, Heb pasaq (part), Ara
pesaq]
fasara : explain [Sem p-sh-r, Mal fisser, Akk pasharu
(solve; interpret a dream), Heb pashar, Syr peshar] Swa fasiri borrowed from Ar
fasha : extend [Sem p-sh-sh, Akk pashashu (smear), Heb
pasa (spread), Tig fss]
fashacha : straddle [Sem p-s-ch]
fashila : be thwarted [?]