Version 1.0
2,270 words
A SHORTER
FINNISH
DICTIONARY
[with etymologies]
compiled
by Andras Rajki
2008
A
aalto [from Gmc. Cf. Icl alda] : wave
aamu [from PU *oma. Cf. Hun o (ancient)] : morning
aapa [cf. Lap ahpi (sea)] : swamp
aarre [from *arne. Cf. Est aare, Kar uarreh, Lap ardna] : treasure
aasi [from *asni, from Gmc. Cf. Swe aasna] : donkey
aateli [from Gmc. Cf. Est aadel, Swe adel] : nobility
aatra [from *adhra, from Gmc. Cf. Est ader, Swe aarder] : obs plough
aatto [from *afto-, from Gmc. Cf. Swe afton (evening)] : eve
aava [see avata] : open, wide
aave [from haave (mirage)] : ghost
aavistaa [from *haavistaa, see haamu] : guess
ahdas [from *astas < *ankstas, from Bal. Cf. Kar
ahtas, Lit ankstas] : narrow
ahertaa [see ahkera] : be diligent
ahjo [from *asjo-, from Gmc] : furnace, smithy
ahkera [from ahku, from PF *asku (zeal)] : diligent
ahkio [from *askio-, from PU *aske] : sled
ahne [from *asne, see ansaita] : avid
ahrain [from Sla] : harpoon
ahtaa [from PFU *akta] : cram, stuff
ahtera [from FV *akste. Cf. Est aher] : barren
ahteri [from *akteri, from Gmc. Cf. Swe akter] : stern of ship
ahven [from Proto-Nordic. Cf. Est ahven] : perch (fish)
aika [from PF *aigan, from Gmc. Cf. Est aeg, Kar
ajgu, Lap aigi, Got aiws] : time, while
aikoa [cf. Lap aigut] : intend
aina [from Bal. Cf. Kar ajnos, Lap aidna (only)] :
always
aine [from aina. Cf. Est aine, Kar ajnes] : material
ainoa [from *ainoha, from Gmc. Cf. Got ainoho] : sole,
unique
airo [from
Bal or Gmc. Cf. Est aer, Kar ajro, Lap airu, Ltv airis, Swe aara] : oar
airut [from Gmc. Cf. Got airus] : envoy
aisa [from Bal] : shaft
aisti [from *haisti, see haistaa] : sense
aita [cf. Est aed, Kar ajdu, Lap aidi] : fence
aitta [from
FV *ayta, from Bal. Cf. Est ait, Kar ajttu, Lap aiti] : storehouse
aivo [from PFU *aynge. Cf. Est aju, Kar ajvot, Lap vuoigngas, Hun agy] : brain
ajaa [from Gmc. Cf. Est ajama, Kat ajua, Lap vuodjit, Swe aaka] : drive
ajatella [cf. Kar ajatella] : think
akana [from Gmc. Cf. Got ahana] : awn
akka [cf. Kar akku (wife), Lap ahkku] : old woman
akseli [from Gmc. Cf. Lap aksil, Swe axel] : axle
ala [from PFU *ala] : area
alasti [cf. Est alasti, Kar alastoj, Lap alas] : naked
alati [cf. Est alati, Lap alo] : always
alkaa [from PU *alka. Cf. Est algama, Kar algua, Lap algit] : begin
alla [from PU *ala. Cf. Est all, Kar al, Lap vuolas (down), Hun ala] : under
allas [from *aldas, from Gmc. Cf. Lap alddis] : basin; trough
almu [from Gmc] : alms
ammatti [from *ambatti, from Gmc. Cf. Est amet, Lap ammat, Swe ämbete (office)] : job
amme [from PFU *ama] : tub
ammoin [see aamu] : in ancient times
ampiainen [cf. Kar ammurjajne] : wasp
ampua [from FPrm *ampe. Cf. Kar ambuo] : shoot
ankara [from Gmc. Cf. Ger eng (narrow)] : strict
ankea [from *angkeda, from PFU *angke. Cf. Hun aggodik (be anxious)] : sad
ankerias [from Bal. Cf. Est angerjas, Kar ängeriäs, Lap akkaras, Lit ungurys] : eel
ankka [from Gmc. Cf. Swe anka] : duck
ankkuri [from Gmc. Cf. Est ankur, Kar ankuri, Swe ankare] : anchor
anoa [from PFU. Cf. Lap atnut, Hun unszol (nag)] : ask
anoppi [from PU *ane. Cf. Kar anoppi, Lap vuoni, Hun obs napa] : mother-in-law
ansa [from Bal. Cf. Lit asa] : sling, trap
ansaita [from Gmc. Cf. Got asneis (laborer)] : earn
ansas [from *ansaz, from Gmc] : beam
antaa [from PFU *amta. Cf. Est andma, Kar andua, Lap addit, Hun ad] : give
anteeksi [from antaa. Cf. Est andestama (to pardon), Lap andagassii (excuse me)] : pardon
antura [from Gmc] : sole of shoes
apea [from *apeda, from Sla. Cf. Rus obida] : sad
apila [from Bal. Cf. Lit obuolys] : clover
apina [from Gmc. Cf. Lap ahppa, Swe apa] : ape
apotti [from Gmc. Cf. Est abt, Swe abbot] : abbot
appi [from PFU *appe. Cf. Kar appi, Lap vuohppa, Hun obs ipa] : father-in-law
aprikoida [from *apro < *arpo, see arvo] : think over
apteekki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe apotek] : pharmacy
apu [cf. Est abi, Kar abu] : help
arenti [from Gmc] : rent
arka [from Gmc. Cf. Est arg, Lap argi, Swe arg (angry)] : timid
arki [see arka. Cf. Lap arga] : workday
arkki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe ark] : ark
arkku [from Gmc. Cf. Lap arku, Swe ark] : chest, trunk
armas [from Gmc. Cf. Est armas, Kar armas, Swe arm (poor)] : dear, lovely
armo [see armas. Cf. Est arm, Kar armo] : mercy
aro [from PFU *are] : steppe
arpa [from *arba, from Gmc. Cf. Lap vuorbi] : lot, destiny
arpi [from Gmc. Cf. Lap arpa, Swe ärr] : scar
arvata [from arvo. Cf. Est arvama, Lap arvidit] : guess
arvo [from PFU *arwa. Cf. Kar arvo, Lap arvu, Hun ar] : price
asettaa [cf. Est asetama, Kar azettua, Lap asahit] : put
asia [from PFU *ate. Cf. Est asi, Kar azie, Lap assi, Hun ize (whatsit)] : thing
askel [from PU *aske. Cf. Kar askel, Hun oson (scurry)] : step
astua [see askel. Cf. Est astuma, Kar astuo] : step
asua [from PU *ase. Cf. Est asuma (be somewhere), Lap assat] : dwell
auer [see höyry. Cf. Est aur] : vapor
aukea [from *angkeda < *angke, from PU *ange] :
open, free
aukko [see auki and avata] : opening
aura [from *adhra, see aatra] : plough
aurinko [from FPrm *ume] : sun
autio [from Gmc. Cf. Lap avdin, Swe öde] : deserted
auttaa [from *apu-, see apu. Cf. Kar auttua] : help
autuas [from Gmc. Cf. Got audags] : happy
avain [see avata] : key
avanto [see avata] : opening in ice
avara [see avata. Cf. Est avar] : large, wide
avata [from PFU *anga. Cf. Est avama, Kar avata, Hun old (solve)] : open
avio [from Gmc. Cf. Est abielu, Ger Ehe] : marriage
aviomies [from avio and mies. Cf. Est abielumees] : husband
ääni [from PFU. Cf. Kar iäni, Lap jietna, Hun enek (song)] : sound
ääri [from Bal. Cf. Est äär] : rim
äes [from *äkes, from Bal. Cf. Est äke, Lit ekecios] : harrow
äijä [from FPrm *äye. Cf. Est äi (father-in-law), Lap addja (grandfather)] : old man
äimä [from PU *äymä. Cf. Lap aibmi] : needle, awl
äiti [from Gmc. Cf. Lap eadni, Got aithei] : mother
äkeä [from *äkedä, from äkä. Cf. Est äge] : fierce
älistä [from onomat. *äl-] : howl
äly [from FPrm *älwä. Cf. Kar älju] : intellect
ämpäri [from Gmc. Cf. Est ämber, Swe ämbar] : bucket
äreä [from *äredä < *är-] : gruff
äristä [from onomat. *är-, see häristä] : growl
ärsyttää [cf. Lap eardudit] : excite, irritate
äyräs [from *äwräs, from *äpräs, from Gmc. Cf. Ger Ufer] : shore
äyri [from *äwri, from Gmc. Cf. Lap evre, Swe öre] : monetary unit
äyskäri [from *äwskäri] : ladle
äyskiä [from *äwski-] : howl
E
edelle [from PFU *edhe. Cf. Lap ovddas, Hun elött] : before
ehdottaa [from *est-. Cf. Lap evttohit] : propose
eheä [from *esedä < *ese] : whole
ehkäista [from *eskä-, see estää. Cf. Lap eastit] : hinder
ehtä [from *est-. See että. Cf. Lap ahte] : that
ehtiä [from *esti-, from FPrm *este. Cf. Est ehtima (adorn), Lap astat (have time)] : have time
ehto [from *esto-. Cf. Kar ehto, Lap eaktu] : condition
ehtoo [from PF *ektok. Cf. Est ohtu] : evening
ei [from PU *e. Cf. Est ei, Kar ej, Lap ii, Swe ej] : not
eilen [from PF *eklen. Cf. Est eile, Kar egljaj. See ehtoo] : yesterday
eittää [from ei. Cf. Est eitama] : deny
eksyä [cf. Est eksima] : err
elää [from PU *elä. Cf. Est elama, Kar eliä, Lap eallit, Hun el] : live
eläin [from elää. Cf. Est elukas, Kar eliä, Lap ealli, Hun allat] : animal
elki [from Bal] : trick
emä [from PU *emä. Cf. Est ema (mother), Kar emja, Hun emse (sow)] : female
emäntä [from emä. Cf. Lap eamit] : wife
enää [from PFU *enä. Cf. Est enam, Kar enämbi, Lap eanet] : more, further
enkeli [from Gmc. Cf. Est ingel, Lap enggel, Swe ängel] : angel
eno [from enää. Cf. Lap eanu] : uncle
ensi [see edelle. Cf. Est esimene, Kar ez-, Hun elsö] : first
entä [from Gmc] : maybe
epä [cf. Est eba-, Lap eahpe] : un-
erakko [see eri. Cf. Est erak] : hermit
erata [from eri. Cf. Est eraldima] : separate
erhe [from Gmc. Cf. Got airzei] : error
eri [cf. Est eri, Kar eri, Lap eara] : different
esi [see edelle. Cf. Est ees (before)] : front
estää [cf. Lap eastadit] : hinder
etelä [see edelle. Cf. Est edel (south-west)] : south
etsiä [cf. Kar eccia, Lap ohcat] : seek
etäinen [from FV *ec(k)ä] : far
etikka [from Gmc. Cf. Est äädikas, Swe ättika] : vinegar
etsiä [cf. Est otsima] : look for
että [from PU *e. Cf. Est et, Lap ahte, Hun ez (this)] : that (conj.)
eukko [from PFU *ewkke] : old woman
evä [from PFU *ewä. Cf. Hun evez (row)] : fin
eversti [from Gmc. Cf. Swe överste] : colonel
H
haahka [from PFU *acka. Cf. Est hahk] : eider
haaksi [from *saaksi, from FV *sakce] : ship
haamu [from Gmc. Cf. Lap hapmi, Swe hamn] : ghost
haapa [from *saapa, from FV *sapa. Cf. Est haab (aspen), Kar huabu] : poplar
haara [see hara. Cf. Est haru] : branch
haarukka [see haara] : fork
haava [from *hagwa, from Gmc. Cf. Est haav, Lap havvi] : wound
haavi [cf. Lap hoavva] : seine
hahmo [from *sahmo, see haamu] : figure
hai [from Gmc. Cf. Est hai, Swe haj] : shark
haikara [from *haigara, from Gmc. Cf. Swe häger (grey heron)] : stork
haista [cf. Est haistma, Lap haistit] : smell
haitata [cf. Lap heahtit] : hinder
hajota [cf. Est hajuma] : dissipate
haju [from haista. Cf. Lap hadja] : smell, odor
haka [from Gmc. Cf. Est haak, Swe hake] : hook
hakata [from Gmc. Cf. Est hakkima, Swe hacka] : hack, chop
hakku [from Gmc. Cf. Swe hacka (hoe)] : pickaxe
hako [from Bal] : twig
halko [cf. Lap halgu] : log
halla [from *salna, from Bal. Cf. Ltv salna] : frost
halli [from Gmc. Cf. Swe hall] : hall
halli [from *salni, from Bal. Cf. Est hall, Ltv salns] : grey dog
hallita [from *haldi, from Gmc. Cf. Est haldama, Lap haldet, Got haldan] : rule, administer
halpa [from *salpa, from FV *sale. Cf. Est halb (bad, ill), Lap halbi] : cheap, little
halstari [from Gmc. Cf. Swe halster] : roast
haluta [cf. Lap halidit] : wish, desire
hamaan [from PFU *cama] : wholly
hamara [from *samara, from FV *same. Cf. Lap simir (back of knife)] : degree
hame [from Gmc. Cf. OHG ham (dress)] : skirt
hammas [from *zambas, from Bal. Cf. Est hammas, Kar hammas, Lit zambas] : tooth
hamppu [from Gmc. Cf. Swe hampa] : hemp
hana [from Gmc. Cf. Lap hatna, Ger Hahn] : tap
hanhi [from *sansi, from Bal. Cf. Est hani, Kar hanhi, OPru sansy] : goose
hanka [from *sanka, from PFU *sangka. Cf. Est hang (fork), Kar hango, Lap hoangka, Hun ag (branch)] : oar-lock
hankkia [cf. Lap hangket] : acquire
hanko [cf. Lap henggon] : fork
hansikas [from Gmc. Cf. Swe handsko] : glove
hapan [from *sav-, from PFU *cawe. Cf. Fin hapan, Est hapu, Hun savanyu] : sour
hapsi [from *apti, from PU *apte. Cf. Lap vuokta]
hapsia [from Gmc. Cf. Swe hafsa] : gather in a hurry
hara [from FV *sara. Cf. Est haru (branch)] : harrow
harakka [from *saraka, from Bal or Sla. Cf. Est harakas, Kar harakku, Lit sarka, Rus soroka] : magpie
harava [from hara. Cf. Lap harat] : rake
harja [from *sarja, from Bal. Cf. Est hari, Kar harju, Lit serys (hair)] : ridge; mane; brush
harjoittaa [cf. Lap harjehat] : exercise
harkki [from FV *carkke. Cf. Est hark (fork)] : anchor
harmaa [from *sarma, from Bal. Cf. Kar harmaj, Lit sirmas] : grey
harmi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe harm (annoyance)] : trouble
harras [from *hartas, from Gmc. Cf. Swe haard (hard)] : zealous, diligent
hartia [from Gmc. Cf. Lap hardu, Icl herthar] : shoulder
harva [from *sarva, from FV *sorva. Cf. Est harva, Kar harvu, Lap harve] : rare
hatara [from Gmc] : dilapidated
hattu [from Gmc. Cf. Lap hahtta, Swe hatt] : hat
hauki [from FPrm *savki, from Sla. Cf. Est haug, Lap havga, Rus schuka] : pike
haukka [from *havukka, from Gmc. Cf. Swe hök] : hawk
haukkua [from onomat. *hau-. Cf. Est haukuma, Lap havkut] : bark (like dogs)
haukotella [from onomat. *hau-. Cf. Est haigutama] : yawn
hauli [from *hagli, from Gmc. Cf. Lap havla, Swe hagel] : small shot
hauras [from *habhras. Cf. Est habras] : fragile
haureellinen [see huora] : lewd
hauta [from *sautha, from Gmc. Cf. Est haud, Kar haudu, Lap havdi] : grave
hautoa [from *saut-, from Bal. Cf. Est hautama, Lap havdut, Ltv sautet] : braise
havista [from onomat. *hav-] : hum, buzz
havitella [from PFU *sange] : wish
havu [from *zabu, from Bal] : needle (of pine)
häärätä [cf. Lap hearidit] : make efforts
häät [cf. Kar hiät, Lap headjat] : marriage
häiritä [cf. Est häirima] : disturb
häkä [cf. Lap heahki] : coal-gas
häkki [from Gmc. Cf. Lap hehkke, Swe häck] : cage
hälistä [from onomat. *häl-] : make noise
häly [from hälistä. Cf. Est heli, Kar hjalju] : noise
hämärä [cf. Est hämar] : dim
hämmästyä [from *hämpäs-. Cf. Est hämmastama (amaze), Lap heammastus (amazement)] : be amazed
hämy [see hämärä] : sunset
hän [from PFU *so. Cf. Kar hjan, Lap son, Hun ö] : he
häntä [cf. Kar hjandü] : tail
häpy [cf. Est häbi, Lap heahpu] : shame
häristä [from onomat. *här-] : growl
härkä [from *särkä. Cf. Est härg, Kar hjargja, Lap heargi (reindeer bull)] : ox
härkin [from *erkin, from Bal. Cf. Est ergutama (stir), Ltv erkulis] : stirrer
härmä [from *särmä, from Bal. Cf. Est härm, Lap cuorpma (hail), Lit sarma (hoar)] : hoar
hätä [cf. Est häda, Lap heahti] : trouble
hävittää [cf. Est hävima, Kar hjavitä, Lap heavahit] : be destroyed
he [from PFU *so. Cf. Kar hjuö, Lap sii] : they
hede [cf. Lap hedjen] : embryo
hedelmä [from hede] : fruit
hehkua [cf. Est hooguma] : glow
heikko [cf. Kar hejkko] : weak
heilua [cf. Lap heailut] : swing
heimo [from *seimo, from Bal. Cf. Est hoim, Kar hejmo, Lap heaibmu, Lit seima (family)] : tribe
heinä [from *seinä, from Bal. Cf. Est hein (grass, hay), Kar hejnü, Lap suoidni, Lit sienas] : hay
heittää [from *seittä-, from FPrm *saytta. Cf. Est heitma, Lap heaitit] : cast
hekuma [from Gmc] : joy
helistä [from onomat. *hel-. Cf. Est helistama] : clink
helka [from Gmc. Cf. Swe helg] : festival
hellä [cf. Est hell] : tender
helle [from *selte, from Bal. Cf. Lit siltas (warm)] : sultry heat
helluntai [from Gmc. Cf. Lap hellodagat, Swe helgdag (holiday)] : Whitsunday
helma [cf. Lap healbmi] : rim
helmi [from Proto-Nordic. Cf. Est helmes (bead), Lap helbmo (pearl)] : pearl
helppo [from Gmc. Cf. Est holpus, Lap healpu] : easy
helvetti [from Gmc. Cf. Lap helvet, Swe helvete] : hell
henki [from PFU *cenki. Cf. Est hing (soul), Kar hengi (breath, soul), Lap heagga (soul, person)] : breath
hereä [from *heredä < *here] : ample; tender
herätä [cf. Est äratama] : wake
herhiläinen [from *sersi, from Bal. Cf. Est herilane, Lit sirsuo] : hornet
heristää [from häristä] : threaten
herja [from Gmc] : rascal
herkkä [cf. Lap hearki] : sensitive
herne [from *zerne, from Bal. Cf. Est hernes, Kar herneh, Lit zirnis] : pea
herra [from Ger. Cf. Est härra, Lap hearra, Swe herr] : sir
hertta [from Gmc. Cf. Est ärtu, Lap hearta, Swe hjärter] : hearts (of playing cards)
herttua [from Gmc. Cf. Swe hertig] : prince, count
hetki [from FPrm *cäcke] : while, moment
hevonen [from *hepo. Cf. Est hobune, Kar hebojne] : horse
hidas [from *sithas, from Gmc. Cf. Lap hidjis] : slow
hieho [from Gmc] : heifer
hieroa [from *sieroa, FPrm *sera. Cf. Est hooruma, Lap fierrut] : rub, massage
hiha [from *sisa, from FV *isa] : sleeve
hihna [from FV *sisna. Cf. Kar hijhnu] : thong
hiihtää [cf. Lap hihttat] : ski (v.)
hiili [cf. Est hiilgus (brilliance), Kar hijli (coal), Lap hilla (ember)] : coal
hiiri [from PFU *singere. Cf. Est hiir, Kar hijri, Hun eger] : mouse
hiiva [from FV *cinga] : yeast
hiki [from Pre-Nordic. Cf. Est higi, Kar higi] :
sweat
hiljaa [cf. Lap hiljit] : slowly
hillo [from *silto, from Gmc. Cf. Swe sylt] : jam
hilpeä [from *silpedä < *silpe] : merry
himmeä [from *himmedä < *himme. See hämy] : dim
himo [cf. Est himu, Kar himo, Lap hipmu] : lust
hinta [from FV *canta. Cf. Est hind, Kar hindu, Lap haddi] : price
hioa [from *sioa, from FV *singa. Cf. Est ihuma] : whet
hipiä [from Gmc. Cf. Got hiwi] : hue
hirmu [cf. Est hirm, Lap hirbma] : horror
hirsi [from FPrm *sirti, from Sla. Cf. Lap hirsa, Rus zherd’] : beam, log
hirssi [from Gmc. Cf. Est hirs, Lap hirsa, Swe hirs] : millet
hirveä [from *sirvedä < *sirve] : horrible
hirvi [from *sirvi, from Bal. Cf. Est hirv (deer), Kar hirvi (reindeer), OPru sirwis] : reindeer
hissi [from Gmc. Cf. Lap hissa, Swe hiss] : elevator
hius [from *hivus, see hipiä. Cf. Kar hivus] : hair
hoitaa [cf. Lap hoitat] : care
hoksata [cf. Lap hoksat] : notice
hokki [cf. Lap hohkka] : hobnail
hoku [cf. Lap hoahka] : chatter
holhota [see huoli. Cf. Est hoolima] : care for
holkki [from Gmc. Cf. Lap hoalka, Swe holk] : holster
holvi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe valv] : vault
hopea [from *sope. Cf. Est hobe] : silver
hoppu [cf. Lap hoahppu] : hurry
houkuttaa [cf. Lap hohkahit] : deceive; entice
housut [from Gmc. Cf. Ger Hose] : trousers
hovi [from Gmc. Cf. Est hoov, Lap hoavva, Swe hov] : court
höllä [see hellä] : slack
höpistä [from onomat. *höp-. Cf. Hun hüppög (blubber)] : mumble
höristä [from onomat. *hör-. Cf. Hun hörög (rattle)] : buzz
hörppiä [from onomat. *hörp-. Cf. Hun hörpöl] : slurp
höyhen [from *heüsen] : feather
höylä [from *heülä, from Gmc. Cf. Est höövel, Lap heavval, Swe hyvel] : plane (tool)
höyry [from *heürü. Cf. Kar hjoürju, Lap hevro] : steam, mist
höyste [from *heüste] : spice; dung
huhmar [from FV *suma. Cf. Est uhmer] : vat
huhta [from FV *sukta] : clearing
huikea [from *suvikeda < *suvike] : huge
huima [from *kwima, from Gmc] : wild, cruel
huiska [from Gmc. Cf. Swe viska] : whisk
huitoa [cf. Lap huidut] : swing
huivi [from Gmc] : cloth
hukka [from FPrm *cukka. Cf. Est hukka (lost), Kar hukku (wolf)] : wolf
hukkua [cf. Lap hohkkat] : drown
hulikka [see holkki] : vat
hullu [cf. Est hull] : mad
hulpio [cf. Lap holbi] : rim
humala [from Gmc. Cf. Est humal, Kar humalu, Swe humle] : hop
humista [from onomat. *hum-] : hum
hunaja [from Gmc. Cf. Lap honnet, Swe honung] : honey
huokailla [from *suoka-, from PFU *soke] : moan
huokea [from Gmc. Cf. Swe höger (right)] : cheap, light
houkka [cf. Lap hoavki] : stupid
houru [cf. Lap hoavri] : mad
huoli [cf. Est hool, Lap fuolahit (to care)] : care
huoma [cf. Lap fuobmat (notice)] : care,
protection
huomen [cf. Est hommik (morning), homme (tomorrow), Kar huomej] : morning; tomorrow
huone [from *suone, from FPrm *sone. Cf. Est hoone (building), Kar huoneh (room)] : room
huono [cf. Lap fuotni] : bad
huopa [from Gmc. Cf. Swe tova (tuft)] : felt
huora [from Gmc. Cf. Lap fuorra, Swe hora] : whore
huosia [from PFU *coce] : scrub
huotra [from *fuotra, from Gmc] : sheath
huovi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe hovman (courtier)] :
rider, vassal
hupa [from *supa, from PFU *cupa. Cf. Lap hobas, Hun sovany (meager)] : decreasing
hurista [from onomat. *sur-. Cf. Lap hurrat] : hum,
buzz
hurskas [from Gmc. Cf. Lap hurskkis, OHG horsc
(clever)] : pious
hursti [from Gmc. Cf. Lap horsta] : sacking
hurtta [from Sla] : hound
huttu [from *suktu, from FPrm *sungte] : porridge
huuhtoa [from *suktoa, from FV *suke] : rinse
huuli [from *suli, from PFU *sule. Cf. Est huul, Kar huuli] : lip
huutaa [from Gmc. Cf. Est hüüdma] : call
huvi [from *hup-, see hyppiä] : joy
hyhmä [from *sysmä, from FV *sese] : melting snow
hylätä [cf. Lap hilgut] : reject
hylje [from *silje, from Gmc. Cf. Est hüljes, Swe säl] : seal
hylly [from Gmc. Cf. Lap hildu. Cf. Swe hylla] : shelf
hylsy [from Gmc. Cf. Swe hylsa] : sheath
hymähtää [from onomat. *hüm-. Cf. Est ümisema, Lap himihit] : hum
hyppiä [from *hup-, from Gmc. Cf. Est hüppama, Swe hoppa] : hop
hyrähtää [from onomat. *hür-. Cf. Lap hurihit] : doodle
hytti [from Gmc. Cf. Est hütt, Swe hytt] : cabin
hytty [from Gmc. Cf. Swe hytta] : furnace
hyvä [from *syvä, from PFU *sengä. Cf. Est hüva, Kar hjuvja, Lap hui (very)] : good
hyy [from *syy, from PFU *sünge] : hoar, frost
I
ien [from PFU *ikene. Cf. Est ige, Kar ien, Hun iny] : gums
ies [from *ike, from Sla. Cf. Est ike, Rus igo] : yoke
ihailla [from *isa-, from Gmc] : gaze
ihme [see ihailla. Cf. Est ime, Lap imas] : miracle
ihminen [from *isme < *imse, from FV *inse. Cf. Est inimene, Kar ihmine] : man
iho [from FPrm *yisa. Cf. Est ihu (body),
iha (desire)] : skin
ihra [from *isra < *istra, from Gmc.
Cf. Swe ister] : fat
iili [from *igli, from Gmc. Cf. Swe igel] : leech
ikä [from PFU *yikä. Cf. Est iga, Lap ahki, jahki, Hun ev (year)] : age
ikkuna [from Sla. Cf. Est aken, Kar ikkun, Rus okno] : window
ilkeä [from *elhedä, from *elhia, from Gmc] : evil
ilma [from PFU *ilma. Cf. Est ilm, Lap albmi (sky)] : air
ilman [cf. Est ilma, Lap almma] : without
ilo [cf. Est ilu (beauty), Lap ilu (joy)] : joy
ilves [cf. Est ilves, Kar ilves, Lap albbas] : lynx
imeä [from PU *ime. Cf. Est imema, Kar imie, Hun emlö (breast)] : suck
imelä [from FPrm *yimä. Cf. Est imal (tasteless)] : sweetish
into [from FPrm *onta. Cf. Est ind] : zeal
irtain [from Bal. Cf. Ltv erts] : loose, relaxed
isä [from PU *icä. Cf. Est isa, Kar izhja, Lap ahcci, Hun ös (ancestor)] : father
istua [from FV *ise. Cf. Est istuma, Kar istuo] : sit
itä [from PFU *itä. Cf. Est ida] : east
itkeä [cf. Kar itkie] : weep
itse [from PFU *ice. Cf. Est ise, Lap ies] : self
J
ja [from Gmc. Cf. Est ja, Lap ja, Got jah] :
and
jahti [from *jakti, from Gmc. Cf. Swe jakt] : hunt
jakaa [from PU *yaka. Cf. Est jagama, Kar jagua, Lap juohkit] : divide
jaksaa [from FPrm *yaksa. Cf. Est jaksama, Kar jaksattua (undress)] : feel, able
jalan [from jalka. Cf. Est jala, Kar jallaj, Hun gyalog] : on foot
jalava [cf. Est jalakas] : elm
jalka [from PFU *yalka. Cf. Est jalg, Kar jalgu, Lap juolgi] : leg, foot
jamata [from FV *yama. Cf. Lap jumes (twin)] : pair, match
jano [cf. Est janu] : thirst
jatkaa [cf. Lap joatkit] : extend
jauhaa [from *jangsa-, from FV *yangsa. Cf. Est
jahvatama, Kar jauhua] : grind
jauho [from *jangso, see jauhaa. Cf. Est jahu, Lap
jaffut] : flour
jää [from PFU *yänge. Cf. Est jää, Kar jiä, Lap jieknga, Hun jeg] : ice
jäädä [from PFU *yönge. Cf. Est jääma, Kar jiäja, Hun jön (come)] : remain
jäähtyä [from *jäs-, from PFU *yäkse] : cool down
jääkäri [from Gmc. Cf. Swe jägare] : hunter
jäärä [from Bal. Cf. Est jäär, Ltv jers (lamb)] : ram
jäävi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe jäv] : objection
jäkälä [from FPrm *yäkä. Cf. Lap jeagil] : lichen
jälki [from PFU *yälke. Cf. Est jälg, Kar jalgi, Hun jel (sign)] : track
jälsi [from FPrm *yälte] : sap
jänis [from Pre-Nordic. Cf. Est jänes, Kar janöj] : hare
jänne [from PU *yänte. Cf. Hun ideg (nerve)] : sinew
järsiä [see jyrsiä] : gnaw
järvi [from FV *yärvä, from Bal. Cf. Est järv, Kar jarvi, Lap javri, Lit jura (sea)] : lake
jäsen [from PFU *yäse. Cf. Est jäse, Hun iz] : limb; member
jästi [from Gmc. Cf. Lap jeasta. Cf. Swe jäst] : yeast
jättää [from jäädä. Cf. Est jätma] : leave
jätti [cf. Lap jiehtanas, Swe jätte] : giant
jäyhä [from *jäwsä] : gruff
jäykkä [from *jäwkä. Cf. Est jäik] : rigid
jäyttä [from *jäwt-] : gnaw
jo [from Gmc. Cf. Lap juo, Got ju] : already
johtaa [from *jokta, from PFU *jukta. Cf. Est juhtima, Lap jodjihit] : lead
joka [from FV *yo] : which, that
joka [from joka. Cf. Est iga, Kar joga, Lap juohke] : every
joki [from PU *yoke. Cf. Est jogi, Kar jogi, Lap johka] : river
jolla [from Gmc. Cf. Swe jolle] : boat
jono [cf. Kar juno] : row
jos [see jo. Cf. Lap jos] : if
joukko [from PFU *yowkke. Cf. Kar joukko, Lap joavku, Hun gyakran (often)] : heap, group, team
joulu [from Gmc. Cf. Est joulud, Lap juovllat, Swe jul] : Christmas
jousi [from *jongsi, from PU *yongse. Cf. Hun ij] : bow
joutaa [cf. Est joudma, Lap joavdat] : reach, arrive
joutsen [from *jongtsen, from PFU *yongkce] : swan
juhla [see joulu] : feast
juhta [from *jukta, from Bal] : draught animal
juko [from Gmc] : yoke
julkea [from *julkeda < *julke. Cf. Est julge (daring), Kar julgej] : insolent, pert
julma [from FPrm *yulma. Cf. Est julm, Lap julbmi] : cruel
jumala [from FV *yuma. Cf. Est jumal, Kar jumal, Lap ipmil] : god
juna [see jono] : train
juoda [from PFU *yughe. Cf. Est jooma, Kar juvva, Lap juhkat, Hun iszik] : drink
juomu [from Bal. Cf. Ltv joma] : groove
juosta [from PFU *yokse. Cf. Est jooksma, Kar juosta, Lap johtit, Hun ivik (spawn)] : run
juusto [from *uusto, from Gmc. Cf. Est juust, Lap vuosta, Swe ost] : cheese
jutella [from PFU *yukta. Cf. Hun jatek (toy, game)] : chat
juttu [from jutella. Cf. Est jutt] : story
juuri [from FV *yure. Cf. Est juur, Kar juuri, Lap jurdda (thought)] : root
jymistä [from onomat. *jüm-. Cf. Lap jupmat] : resound
jyristä [from onomat. *jür-. Cf. Lap jurrat] : resound
jyrsiä [from FPrm *yire. Cf. Lap jursat] : gnaw
jyvä [from FPrm *yewä] : grain
K
kaakeli [from Gmc. Cf. Est kahhel, Swe kakel] : tile
kaakatta [cf. Lap gahkkut] : quack (v.)
kaakko [cf. Est kagu] : south-east
kaakkuri [cf. Lap gahkkor] : loon
kaalamo [from PFU *kälä. Cf. Est koole, Kar kuolates, Lap gala] : ford
kaali [from Gmc. Cf. Lap galla, Swe kaal] : cabbage
kaapia [from descr. *kap-. Cf. Hun kapar] : scratch
kaappi [from *skappi, from Gmc. Cf. Est kapp, Lap skahppe, Swe skaap] : wardrobe
kaari [from *kangari, from PFU *kanga. Cf. Est kaar, Kar kuari, Lap kuongar] : arc, bow
kaarna [from Bal. Cf. Ltv karna] : bark, peel
kaarne [from PU *kürne. Cf. Est kaaren] : raven
kaarti [from *gaardi, from Gmc. Cf. Swe garde] : guard
kaarto [from kaari. Cf. Est kaard] : curve
kaasu [from *gaasu, from Gmc. Cf. Swe gas] : gas
kaatiot [from *gatio, from Sla] : pants
kaatua [cf. Kar kuaduo] : fall, topple
kaava [from *kagwa, from Gmc] : model, form
kade [cf. Est kade, Lap gadjas] : envious
kadota [from PU *kadha. Cf. Est kaduma, Hun hagy (let)] : disappear
kahdeksan [from kaksi and FV *deksan (ten). Cf. Est kaheksa, Kar kaheksa, Lap gavcci] : eight
kahlata [see kaalamo. Cf. Est kahlama, Lap gallit, Hun kel (cross)] : wade
kahva [cf. Lap geavja] : handle
kahveli [from *gaffeli, from Gmc. Cf. Lap gaffel, Swe gaffel] : fork
kahvi [from Gmc. Cf. Est kohv, Lap gaffe, Swe kaffe] : coffee
kaide [from *skaide, from Gmc. Cf. Swe sked (spoon; weaver’s reed)] : bar, rail; weaver’s reed
kaihdin [from *gaistin] : curtain
kaihi [from *gaisin] : cataract
kaihtaa [from *gaista-] : avoid
kaikki [from Bal. Cf. Est koik, Kar kajkin, Lap gait, Lit kiek] : all
kaikua [from FV *kayke. Cf. Lap skaigit (shout)] : resound
kaima [from Bal. Cf. Lap gaibmi, guoibmi (partner)] : namesake
kainalo [from PU *kone. Cf. Est kaenal, Kar kajnalo, Hun honalj] : armpit
kaira [from *gaira, from Gmc. Cf. ON geir (lance)] : drill
kaisla [from *gaisla, from Gmc. Cf. ON geisl (stick)] : reed
kaista [from Gmc] : stripe
kaita [from *gaida, from Gmc. Cf. Lan gaida (spear)] : narrow
kaivaa [from PU *koywa. Cf. Est kaevama, Kar kajvua, Lap goaivut, Hun
hany (throw dirt)] : dig
kaivin [from kaivaa. Cf. Lap goaivvan] : spade
kaivo [from kaivaa, Cf. Est kaev, Kar kajvo, Lap
gaivo] : well
kajastaa [see koittaa. Cf. Lap guojihit] : dawn (v.)
kajata [from PU *kaya. Cf. Est kajama, Lap gajanas (echo)] : resound
kajava [see kajata. Cf. Est kajakas] : gull
kajota [from PFU *kaye] : touch
kakku [from Gmc. Cf. Est kook, Lap gahkku, Swe kaka] : cake
kaksi [from PU *kakta. Cf. Est kaks, Kar kaksi, Lap guokte, Hun ket] : two
kala [from PU *kala. Cf. Est kala, Kar kala, Lap guolli, Hun hal] : fish
kalista [from onomat. *kal-] : clatter
kaljama [cf. Lap galljin] : slippery ice
kalju [see kallo] : bald
kalkki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe kalk] : chalice
kalkkuna [from Gmc. Cf. Est kalkun, Swe kalkon] : turkey
kallas [from *halthaz, from Gmc. Cf. Est kallas] : shore
kallio [from or akin to Gmc. Cf. Est kalju, Kar kallivo, Lap galli, Swe häll] : rock
kallis [cf. Est kallis, Kar kallis] : dear
kallo [from *skallo, from Gmc. Cf. Est kolju, Lap gallu, Swe skalle] : skull
kalma [from PU *kalma. Cf. Est kalm (grave), Kar kalmu] : death
kalu [cf. Lap galvu] : thing, stuff
kalvo [from PFU *kalwe. Cf. Hun halyog (cataract)] : skin, membrane
kamara [from PU *kama. Cf. Est kamar, Hun ham (epithelium)] : layer
kammio [from *skammio, from Gmc. Cf. ON skemma] : small chamber
kammo [from *hammo, from Gmc] : horror
kampa [from *kamba, from Gmc. Cf. Est kamm, Swe kam] : comb
kampata [from Gmc. Cf. Lap gambut, Swe kämpa] : fight
kampsu [cf. Lap gumpus] : blood pudding
kana [from *hana, from Gmc. Cf. Est kana, Kar kana, Swe hane (cock)] : hen
kanava [from Sla. Cf. Rus kanava] : canal
kaneli [from Gmc. Cf. Est kaneel, Swe kanel] : cinnamon
kangas [from PFU *kangka] : sandy plain
kangas [from Gmc. Cf. Est kangas, Kar kangas, Lap gakkis, ON kangr] : fabric
kanki [cf. Est kang, Lap gangga] : lever, bar
kankuri [from Gmc. Cf. Est kangur, Icl köngur] : weaver
kannu [from Gmc. Cf. Est kann, Lap gadnu, Swe
kanna] : jug
kansa [from *hansa, from Gmc. Cf. Est kaasa
(with), Kar kanzu (people), Lap guossi (stranger)] : people
kansi [from FPrm *komta. Cf. Est kaas, Lap goavdi
(opening)] : lid, cover
kanta [from PFU *kanta. Cf. Est kant (region), Lap gaddi (coast)] : root, ground
kantaa [from PU *kanta. Cf. Est kandma, Kar kandua, Lap guoddit] : carry
kantele [from Bal] : a musical instrument
kanto [from kanta. Cf. Est känd, Lap guottu] : stump
kapakka [from Sla. Cf. Rus kabak] : pub
kapea [from *kapeda < *kape] : narrow
kapi [from *skabi, from Gmc. Cf. Swe skabb] : scab
kapista [from onomat. *kap-, see kopista] : knock
kappa [from Gmc. Cf. Swe kappa] : cape
kappa [from Gmc. Cf. Swe kappe] : pint
kappale [from Bal. Cf. Lap gahppalat, Ltv gabals] : piece
kapsäkki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe kappsäck] : suitcase
kapula [from Gmc. Cf. Lap gahpol, Swe kavle] : rod, shaft
kapusta [from Sla] : wooden spoon
karhe [cf. Lap gahro] : stack (of hay)
karhi [from FV *karca] : harrow
karhu [from karjua. Cf. Est karu] : bear
kari [cf. Lap garggu] : boulder
karitsa [see karja] : lamb
karja [from *harja, from Gmc. Cf. Est kari, Kar karju, Swe här (army)] : herd of cattle
karjua [from onomat. *kar-] : howl
karkea [from *karkeda, from FPrm *karke. Cf. Est kare] : rough
karku [from PFU *korke] : flight
karmea [from *karmeda < *karme] : rude
karppi [from Gmc. Cf. Est karp, Swe karp] : carp
karsi [from Gmc. Cf. Ger Kerze (candle)] : ash, soot (of candle)
karsina [from Bal] : crib
karsia [cf. Lap garsat] : pare down
karsta [from Gmc] : card
kartano [from *garten, from Gmc. Cf. Lap gardin, Ger Garten (garden)] : farm-house
kartta [from Gmc. Cf. Est kaart, Swe karta] : map
karttua [cf. Lap gartat] : grow
karva [from Bal. Cf. Est karv, Kar karvu] : fur, hair
karvas [from *harvaz, from Gmc] : bitter
kas [cf. Lap gea] : here you are
kasa [from PU *kaca. Cf. Lap geahci (tip)] : heap
kasari [from Sla] : pan
kaski [from PFU *kuce] : cleared field
kaski [from Gmc. Cf. Swe kask] : helmet
kasku [from Sla. Cf. Rus skazka] : tale, anecdote
kassara [from Sla. Cf. Rus kosyr] : hatchet
kaste [cf. Est kaste, Kar kaste] : dew
kastua [see kaste. Cf. Lap gastat] : get wet
kasvaa [from PFU *kaswa. Cf. Est kasvama, Kar kazvua, Hun haszon (benefit)] : grow
kataja [from PFU *koca. Cf. Est kadakas] : juniper
katiska [from Sla] : fish-basket
katkaista [from FPrm *kacka. Cf. Est katkema] : break in two
katkera [from katku. Cf. Kar katkera] : bitter
katku [from FV/FPrm *kacke. Cf. Est katk (plague)] : bitter smell
katsoa [from FPrm *kace. Cf. Est katsuma (touch; try), Lap geahccat] : look
kattaa [cf. Est katma, Kar kattua] : cover
kattila [from Gmc. Cf. Est katel, Swe kittel] : kettle
katto [from kattaa. Cf. Lap gahttu] : roof
katu [from *gatu, from Gmc. Cf. Lap gahtta, Swe gata] : street
katua [cf. Lap gahtat] : regret
kauha [from *kausa, from Bal. Cf. Lit kausas] : ladle
kauhea [from *kavseda < *kavse. Cf. Lap gafat] : terrible
kaukainen [from PFU *kawka. Cf. Est kaua (long time), Lap guhka] : faraway
kaukalo [from FV *kawka. Cf. Lap gavgil] : trough
kaula [from *kakla, from Bal. Cf. Est kael, Kar kaglu, Lit kaklas] : neck
kaunis [from *skaunis, from Gmc. Cf. Est kaunis, Kar kaunis, Swe skön] : beautiful
kauppa [from Gmc. Cf. Est kaubandus, Kar kauppu, Lap gavpi, Swe köp] : trade
kaupunki [from Gmc. Cf. Lap gavpot, Swe köping] : town
kaura [from *havra, from Gmc. Cf. Est kaer, Kar kagru, Lap havvar, Swe havre] : oat
kauris [from *havris, from Gmc] : wild goat
kausi [cf. Lap guovddas (center)] : season
kautta [cf. Est kaudu] : through
kavala [cf. Lap gavvil] : sly
kaveri [from Yid haver] : pal
kavio [from *kapio, from Sla. Cf. Est kabi, Kar kabju, Rus kopyto] : hoof
kavuta [from PFU *kawa] : creep
kääntää [From FPrm *käncä. Cf. Est käänama, Lap
geandit] : turn
käärme [from Bal. Cf. Lap gearpmas] : snake
käärö [cf. Lap gearru] : roll
käetä [cf. Lap geahkat] : intend
käheä [from *kähedä < *kähe, from onomat. *käh-. See köhiä] : hoarse
kähertää [see kihara. Cf. Est käher (curly)] : curl
(v.)
käki [from Bal. Cf. Est kägu, Lap giehka] : cuckoo
käly [from PU *käle. Cf. Est käli, Lap galo-] : sister-in-law
kämmen [from PFU *käme. Cf. Est kämmal, Kar kjammen] : palm
käpälä [cf. Lap geahpil (flipper)] : paw
käpy [cf. Est käbi] : pine-cone
kärki [cf. Lap geahci] : peak
kärpänen [from FV *karme. Cf. Est kärbes, Kar kiärbjajne] : fly
kärsiä [from FV *kärte. Cf. Est kärsima, Lap gierdat] : suffer
käsi [from PFU *käte. Cf. Est käsi, Kar kjazi, Lap giehta, Hun kez] : hand
käsky [from FPrm *käske. Cf. Est käsk, Kar kjaskju, Lap geasku] : order, command
kätkeä [from FV *käcke. Cf. Lap gietkat] : hide
käydä [from *käwdhä, from FV *käwe. Cf. Est käima, Lap geavvat] : walk
käyrä [from *käwrä, from *käbhrä. Cf. Est kover, Lap givri] : crooked
käyte [from *käwte] : ferment
käyttä [from *käwt-. Cf. Lap geavahit] : use
kehä [from FV *kecä] : circle
kehlo [from FV *kecle] : vat
keho [cf. Est keha] : body
kehlo [from FV *kecle] : bowl
kehrä [from FV *kecrä] : reel
kehrätä [from kehrä. Cf. Kar kezrjatä] : spin
kehto [from Gmc. Cf. Lap geattu, Swe kätte (section)] : cradle
keihäs [from *geisas, from Gmc] : javelin
keino [cf. Lap geaidnu (way)] : means
keisari [from Gmc. Cf. Est keiser, Swe kejsare] : emperor
keittää [see kiehua. Cf. Est keetma (boil), Kar kejttiä (cook)] : cook
kela [from Bal] : reel
keli [from Bal. Cf. Kar keli, Lit kelias] : road
kelkka [from Gmc. Cf. Est kelk, Lap gielka, Swe
kälke] : sled
kella [from *kegla, from Gmc. Cf. Swe kägla] : bowling
kellari [from Gmc. Cf. Swe källare] : cellar
kello [from *skello, from Gmc. Cf. Est kell, Kar kello, Swe skälla] : bell, clock
kelmu [from FPrm *kelmä] : skin
kelpo [cf. Lap gealbu (ability)] : brave
keltainen [from *gelta, from Bal. Cf. Est kollane, Kar keldajne, Lit geltas] : yellow
ken [cf. Est kes, Lap gean] : who
kenkä [from *skenkä > *skankos > *skohaz, from Gmc. Cf. Est king, Swe känga, sko] : shoe
kenraali [from Gmc. Cf. Swe general] : general
kenttä [from FPrm *kentä. Cf. Lap gieddi] : field
kepeä [from *kepedä < *kepe. See keveä] : quick
keppi [from Gmc. Cf. Est kepp, Swe käpp] : stick, cane
kerä [from PFU *kerä] : skein
kerätä [see kertyä] : gather
kerjätä [from PFU *kerä. Cf. Est kerjama, Lap gearjidit, Hun ker (ask)] : beg
kerkeä [from *kerkedä < *kerke. Cf. Lap geargat] : quick
kernas [from Gmc. Cf. Swe gärna] : ready, willing
kerros [from kerta] : floor
kersantti [from Gmc] : sergeant
kerta [from *kerda, from Bal. Cf. Est kord, Lap geardi, OPru kerdan] : time
kertoa [from kerta. Cf. Lap geardut] : repeat; tell
kertyä [cf. Lap gartat] : gather
kesä [from FV *kesä. Cf. Kar kezja, Lap geassi] : summer
keski [from FPrm *keske. Cf. Est kesk, Kar keski, Lap gaska] : middle
kestää [cf. Est kestma] : endure
kestikievari [from Gmc. Cf. Swe gästgivare] : host
kestit [from *gesti, from Gmc. Cf. Swe gäst] : guests
ketju [from Gmc. Cf. Est kett, Lap gehtet, Swe kedja] : chain
keto [cf. Lap gieddi] : field
kettinki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe kätting] : chain
kettu [from Bal. Cf. OPru katto (cat)] : fox
keula [from Gmc. Cf. Swe köl] : bow of ship
kevät [from FV *kengä. Cf. Est kevad, Kar kevjat] : springtime
keveä [from *kepedä, from PU *kepä. Cf. Kar kebej, Lap geahpas, Hun keves (few)] : light
kevyt [see keveä] : light
kide [from FV *kice] : crystal
kiehua [from PU *keye. Cf. Est kihama (teem), Kar kiehua (boil)] : boil
kieli [from PU *kele. Cf. Est keel, Kar kieli, Lap giella] : tongue; language
kieltää [cf. Est keelduma (refuse), Lap gieldit (forbid)] : deny, forbid
kieriä [from PFU *kerä. Cf. Hun kerek (round)] : roll
kiertää [see kieriä. Cf. Est keerama, Lap kierre (turn)] : wind
kihara : curl
kihistä [from onomat. *kih-] : hiss
kihlat [from *gisla, from Gmc. Cf. Lap gihli, Swe gisslan (hostage)] : dowry
kihti [from *gihti, from Gmc. Cf. Swe gikt] : gout
kiikari [from Gmc. Cf. Est kiiker, Lap kikkar, Swe kikare] : binoculars
kiikku [cf. Est kiik] : seesaw
kiila [from Gmc. Cf. Swe kil] : wedge
kiiläinen [from PFU *kile] : gadfly
kiillottaa [see kiiltää. Cf. Lap geallat] : polish
kiiltää [cf. Lap gildit] : shine
kiima [from FPrm *keye. Cf. Lap gieibmi] : heat, rut, mating season
kiinni [see kiinteä. Cf. Est kinni, Lap gitta] : closed
kiinteä [from *kinteda < *kinte. Cf. Est kindel] : fixed
kiipeli [from *gibeli, from Sla. Cf. Rus gibel’] : trouble
kiiras [from *skiras, from Gmc. Cf. Swe skär] : pure
kiiriä [see kieriä. Cf. Lap girdit (fly)] : roll
kiiski [from PFU *kiske. Cf. Hun küsz (ablet)] : bream
kiisu [from Gmc. Cf. Swe kis] : pebble
kiittää [cf. Lap giittit] : thank
kiivas [see kiima. Cf. Lap giivvis] : fierce, eager
kilistä [from onomat. *kil-] : sound
kiljua [from onomat. *kil-. Cf. Lap gilljut] : howl
kilpa [cf. Lap gilvu] : race, contest
kilpi [cf. Est kilp, Lap galba] : shield; sign
kilta [from *gilda, from Gmc. Cf. Swe gille] : guild
kiltti [from *gildi, from Gmc] : brave
kimalainen [from Sla. Cf. Est kimalane, Rus chmel’] : bumble-bee
kimallella [from *skima-, from Gmc. Cf. Swe skimra] : shimmer
kimeä [from *kimedä < *kime] : shrill
kimppu [cf. Est kimp, Lap gimpu] : bunch
kinkku [from *skinku, from Gmc. Cf. Est sink, Swe skinka] : ham
kinnas [from Bal. Cf. Est kinnas] : mitten
kipeä [from *kipedä < *kipe. Cf. Kar kibej, Lap gihppui] : ill
kipene [from FPrm *kipe] : spark; morsel
kirahvi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe giraff] :
giraffe
kireä [from *kiredä, from FV *kire. Cf. Lap garas (hard)] : taut
kirja [cf. Kar kirju, Lap girji] : book
kirje [cf. Est kiri, Kar kirja] : letter
kirkko [from Gmc. Cf. Est kirik, Kar kirikkö, Lap girku, Swe kyrka] : church
kirnu [from Gmc. Cf. Est kirn, Lap girdno, Swe kärna] : churn
kiro [cf. Lap garru] : curse
kirppu [cf. Est kirp, Kar kirppu] : flea
kirsi [from PFU *kerte. Cf. Lap girse] : frost
kirsikka [from Gmc. Cf. Est kirss, Swe körs] : cherry
kirstu [from Bal. Cf. Lit karstas] : case, coffin
kirves [from Bal. Cf. Est kirves, Kar kirves, Lit kirvis] : axe
kisa [from PFU *küse. Cf. Kar kizha, Hun küzd (fight)] : play
kisälli [from Gmc. Cf. Swe gesäll] : apprentice
kiskoa [from PFU *kiske] : drag
kissa [from Gmc. Cf. Est kass, Kar kazhi, OHG kazza, Swe kisse] : cat
kitistä [from onomat. *kit-. Cf. Lap gihcat] : creak
kitkeä [from FV *kicka. Cf. Est kitkuma] : weed out
kitkerä [see katkera] : bitter
kitsas [from Gmc. Cf. Est kitsi, Lap gahcci, Ger Geiz (stinginess)] : stingy
kiuas [from kivi. Cf. Lap givgas] : oven
kiulu [cf. Lap givlo] : pail
kiuru [from Bal. Cf. Lit cirulis] : nightingale
kiusa [from Gmc] : annoyance
kiusata [from kiusa. Cf. Lap givssidit] : annoy
kivääri [from Gmc. Cf. Swe gevär] : rifle
kivi [from PFU *kiwe. Cf. Est kivi, Kar kivi, Lap geadjgi, Hun kö] : stone
kohta [from PU *kopta. Cf. Est koht, Kar kohtu] : place, point
kohtu [from FPrm *kokte. Cf. Est koht (stomach), Lap goattu (womb)] : womb
koi [from PFU *koye. Cf. Est koi, Kar koj] : moth
koi [from PU *koye. Cf. Est koit, Hun hajnal] : dawn
koipi [from Proto-Nordic. Cf. Est koib] : leg
koira [from PU *koye. Cf. Est koer, Kar kojru, Hun here (testicle)] : dog
koiras [see koira] : male
koito [from Gmc] : wretched
koittaa [see koi] : dawn (v.)
koivu [from PU *koywa. Cf. Kar kojvu, Hun hajo (ship)] : birch
kokea [from PU *koke] : experience (v.)
kokka [from PFU *kokka] : bow (of ship)
kokki [from Gmc. Cf. Lap goahkka, Swe kock] : cook
koko [from FV *koke. Cf. Est kogu (all, whole)] : heap
kolea [from *koleda < *kole, from Gmc. Cf. Lap gallu, Swe kall] : cool
koljo [from PFU *kolya] : giant
kolli [from PFU *kole] : bobcat
kolme [from PFU *kolme. Cf. Est kolm, Kar kolme, Lap golbma, Hun harom] : three
kolo [from PFU *kole] : hollow
kolpakko [from Sla] : jug, chalice
komea [from *komeda < *kome] : stately
komero [from komo, from PFU *küme] : niche
koni [from Sla. Cf. Lap gone, Rus kon’] : nag
konsti [from Gmc. Cf. Lap goansta, Swe konst (art)] : trick
kontio [cf. Lap guovza] : bear
kontta [from PFU *konta] : numbness
kontti [from PFU *konte. Cf. Lap gonte] : bag
kopea [from *kopeda < *kope] : proud
kopista [from onomat. *kop-. Cf. Hun kopog] : knock
koppa [from PFU *koppa] : basket
koppelo [from PFU *kopa. Cf. Lap goahppil] : grouse-hen
korea [from *koreda < *kore] : bright, ornamental
korista [from onomat. *kor-. Cf. Hun korog (rumble)] : rattle
korkea [from *korkeda, from FV *korke. Cf. Est korge, Kar korgej] : high
korkki [from Gmc. Cf. Est kork, Lap gorka, Swe kork] : cork
korko [from korkea. Cf. Lap goargu (name)] : heel (of shoe)
korppi [from Gmc. Cf. Lap goarpa, Swe korp] : raven
korsi [cf. Est kors, Kar korzi] : stalk
kortteli [from Gmc. Cf. Lap goartil, Swe kvarter] : quarter; block
koukero [from koukko] : flourish
koukko [from *hoko, from Gmc] : hook
kortti [from Gmc. Cf. Lap goarta, Swe kort] : card
korva [from PFU *kore. Cf. Est korv, Kar korvu] : ear
korventaa [from PU *korpe. Cf. Lap guorbat, Hun hervad (wilt)] : scorch
koska [see kuin] : when, as
koskea [from FPrm *koske. Cf. Kar koskie, Lap guoskat] : touch, refer
koskelo [from FPrm *koske] : goosander
koski [from FPrm *koske. Cf. Est kosk, Lap guoika ’rapids’] : waterfall
kosolti [from PFU *kose] : amply
kostea [from *kosteda < *koste, see kaste] : wet
kosto [cf. Lap goastu] : revenge
kota [from PFU *kota. Cf. Est koda (chamber), Kar kodi (house), Lap goahti (tent), Hun haz (house)] : hut, tent
kotka [from FPrm *kocka. Cf. Est kotkas, Kar kotku, Lap goaskin] : eagle
kotkata [from FV *kocka] : bend back a nail
kotva [from FV *kodhwa. Cf. Kar kodvu] : while
koulu [from *skoulu, from Gmc. Cf. Est kool, Lap skuvla, Swe skola] : school
koura [from PFU *kopra] : fist
kova [cf. Est kova, Kar kova, Lap goavvi] : hard
köhiä [from onomat. *köh-. Cf. Est köhima, Kar köhkjuttiä, Hun köhög] : cough
köli [from Gmc. Cf. Lap gielas, Swe köl] : keel
köntys [cf. Lap goanzi] : clumsy man
köyhä [from *keüsä. Cf. Kar kjouhju, Lap geafi] : poor
köykky [from *keükü] : crooked
köynnös [from *keüntös] : wreath
köyry [from *keürü. Cf. Lap guvri] : crooked
köyri [from kekri] : cattle festival
köysi [from *keüti, from *käwdhe. Cf. Est köis] : rope
kranaatti [from *granati, from Gmc. Cf. Est granaat, Swe granat] : grenade
kreikka [from *greikka, from Gmc. Cf. Est kreeka, Swe grek] : Greek
kreivi [from *greivi, from Gmc. Cf. Est krahv, Swe greve] : count
kuin [from PFU. Cf. Est kui (when), kuidas (how), Kar kuj, Hun hogy] : as
kuinka [see kuin] : how
kuitu [from FPrm *kuyce. Cf. Est kiud] : fiber
kuiva [cf. Est kuiv, Kar kujvu, Lap goikkis] : dry
kuja [cf. Lap gudji] : opening
kuje [from PFU *kuya] : mischief
kuka [from PFU *ku. Cf. Est kes, Kar ken, Lap gii, Hun ki] : who
kukka [cf. Kar kukkajne] : flower
kukkea [from *kukkeda < *kukke, see kukka] : flowery
kukkaro [from *kukaro, from Gmc. Cf. Lap guhkkar, Swe kogar (quiver)] : bag, pouch
kukko [from Gmc. Cf. Est kukk, Kar kukki] : cock
kulkea [from PU *kulke. Cf. Est kulgema (pass), Lap golgat (flow), Hun halad] : proceed
kulkunen [cf. Lap golka] : bell
kulma [from PFU *kulma. Cf. Est kulm (brow)] : angle; forehead
kulta [from *gulda, from Gmc. Cf. Est kuld, Kar kuldu, Lap golli, Swe gul] : gold
kulua [from PFU *kule. Cf. Hun hull (fall)] : pass, wear out
kuluttaa [from kulua. Cf. Lap golahit] : spend, wear out
kumara [see kumota. Cf. Est kumer, Hun homoru] : concave
kumartaa [see kumota. Cf. Est kummarduma, Lap gopmirdit] : bend
kumea [from *kumeda < *kume] : dull, blunt
kumi [from *gumi, from Gmc. Cf. Lap gumme, Swe gummi] : rubber
kumista [from onomat. *kum-. Cf. Lap gopmat] : resound
kumma [from *kumba. Cf. Kar kummu, Lap gobmi] : miracle
kummuta [from *kumpa] : boil up
kumota [from PU *kuma. Cf. Est kummutama, Lap gomihit, Hun homoru (concave)] : overturn
kumpi [see kuka. Cf. Est kumb, Lap goabba] : which
kumpu [from PU *kumpa] : hill
kumpuilla [from PFU. Cf. Hun hab (foam)] : boil up
kun [from PFU *ku. Cf. Lap go] : when
kuningas [from Gmc *kuningaz. Cf. Est kuningas, Lap gonagas, Swe konung] : king
kunnia [see kunto. Cf. Lap gudni] : honor
kunta [from PU *kunta. Cf. Lap goddi (team), Hun had (army)] : commune
kunto [from PFU *kunce. Cf. Lap gudda (benefit)] : honor, order
kuokka [from FPrm *kokka, from *koka, from Gmc. Cf. Lap guohkki (fork), Got hoha (plough)] : hoe
kuolla [from PU *kola. Cf. Kar kuolla] : die
kuoma [from Sla. Cf. Rus kum] : godfather
kuomu [from *koomu] : cover, covered sled
kuono [from FV. Cf. Est koon] : snout
kuoppa [cf. Est koobas (cave), Kar kuoppu (pit), Lap gohpi] : pit
kuore [from PFU *kore] : a type of salmon
kuori [from FV *kore. Cf. Est koor, Kar kuori] : bark
kuorma [cf. Est koorem, Lap guorbmi] : load
kupari [from Gmc. Cf. Swe koppar] : copper
kupata [from Gmc. Cf. Lap guhpet] : cup
kupla [from PFU *kupla] : bubble, blister
kuppi [from Gmc. Cf. Lap gohppa, Swe kopp] : cup
kupu [from *hubu, from Gmc. Cf. Swe kupa, huv] : lid, dome
kure [from PU *kure] : wrinkle, fold
kuri [see kuru] : discipline
kurikka [see kuru] : cudgel
kurista [from onomat. *kur-. Cf. Kar kurista] : rumble
kurittaa [see kuri. Cf. Lap gurehit] : punish
kurki [from PFU *kurke, from PU *karke. Cf. Est kurg, Kar kurgi, Lap guorga] : crane
kurkku [from FV *kurke. Cf. Est kurk] : throat
kurkku [from Gmc. Cf. Est kurk, Lap gurka, Swe gurka] : gherkin
kuroa [see kure. Cf. Lap gorrat] : wrinkle
kurppa [from FV *kurma] : snipe
kuru [from PFU *kure. Cf. Lap gurra] : ravine
kusi [from PU *kunce. Cf. Est kusi, Lap guzza, Hun hugy] : urine
kusiainen [from kusi. Cf. Kar kuziehane, Hun hangya] : ant
kustannus [from Gmc. Cf. Lap goasttadus, Swe kostnad] : cost
kutea [from PFU *kudhe. Cf. Est kudema] : spawn
kutista [from descr. *kut-] : itch
kutoa [from FPrm *kudha. Cf. Est kuduma, Kar kuduo, Lap goddjit] : weave
kutri [from Sla. Cf. Rus kudri] : curl
kutsua [from PFU *kuce. Cf. Est kutsuma, Kar kuchhuo] : call, invite
kutu [see kutea. Cf. Est kudu, Kar kudu, Lap goddju] : spawn, frog roe
kuu [from PU *kunge. Cf. Est kuu, Kar kuu, Hun hold] : moon
kuulla [from PU *kule. Cf. Est kuulma, Kar kuulla, Lap gullat, Hun hall] : hear
kuuma [from FV *kuma. Cf. Est kuum, Lap gumis] : hot
kuura [from PU *kura] : hoar
kuuro [from Bal. Cf. Est kurt, Lit kurcias] : deaf
kuusama [from FPrm *kusa. Cf. Est kuslapuu] : honeysuckle
kuusi [from PFU *kutte. Cf. Est kuus, Kar kuuzi, Lap guhtta, Hun hat] : six
kuusi [from PU *kuse. Cf. Est kuusk, Lap guossa] : pine, fir
kuva [from *skuwan, from Gmc. Cf. Lap govva] : picture
kuve [from *hupe, from Gmc. Cf. Got hups (hip)] : loin, waist
kylä [from PFU *kilä. Cf. Est küla, Kar kjulja, Lap gilli] : village
kylki [from Pre-Nordic. Cf. Est külg, Kar kjulgi, Lap gilga] : side
kyllä [cf. Est küllap] : yes
kylmä [from FPrm *kilmä. Cf. Est külm, Kar kjulmju, Lap galbma] : cold
kylvää [cf. Est külvama, Lap gilvit] : sow
kymmenen [from *kümbe, from FV *küme. Cf. Est kümme, Kar kjummene] : ten
kynä [from FPrm *kinä] : feather
kynnys [from FV *kince. Cf. Est künnis] : threshold
kynsi [from PU *kince. Cf. Est küüs, Kar kjunzi, Lap gazza] : nail
kyntää [from FV *kincä. Cf. Est kündma] : plough, cultivate
kynttilä [from Gmc. Cf. Est küünal, Lap ginttal] : candle
kyökki [from Gmc. Cf. Est köök, Lap gievkkan, Swe kök] : kitchen
kypäri [from Bal. Cf. Est kübar (hat), Lap gahpir (cap)] : helmet
kypsä [from FPrm *kipse. Cf. Est küps, Lap givssas] : ripe
kysyä [from FV *küse. Cf. Est küsima, Lap gahcat] : ask
kyteä [from FV *kice] : burn, glow
kytkeä [from PFU *kitke. Cf. Kar kuduo, Lap gietkkus (rope), Hun köt (tie)] : tie
kyty [from PFU *kidhe] : brother-in-law
kyy [from PU *kiye. Cf. Hun kigyo (snake)] : viper
kyykky [from descr. *kük-. Cf. Hun guggol (to squat)] : squat
kyynärä [from PU *kinyä. Cf. Est küünar-, Kar küinja (elbow), Lap gaigngir, Hun könyök] : ell
kyynärpää [from kyynärä and pää] : elbow
kyynel [from PFU *kinye. Cf. Kar kjuunel, Lap ganjal, Hun könny] : tear
kyyti [cf. Lap giksa] : transport
L
laaja [cf. Est lai] : wide
laaka [from *plaka] : plate
laakea [from *lakeda < *lake] : wide
laakso [from FV *lakce] : valley
laari [from Gmc. Cf. Swe laar] : case, box
laastari [from *plastari, from Gmc. Cf. Est plaaster, Lap laster, Swe plaaster] : plaster (med.)
laatia [from Sla. Cf. Rus ladit’ (tune)] : make
laatta [from *platta, from Gmc. Cf. Est plaat, Swe
platta] : plate
laatu [from Sla. Cf. Kar luadu] : quality
ladata [from Gmc. Cf. Est laadima, Swe ladda] : load, charge
lahja [cf. Kar lahju] : gift, present
lahna [cf. Kar lahnu] : bream
laho [cf. Kar lahota (to rot), Lap laffu] : rot
lahti [from PFU *lakte. Cf. Est laht, Kar lahti, Lap
luokta] : bay
laiha [from Bal] : thin, emaciated
laina [from Gmc. Cf. Est laen, Lap loatna, Swe laan] : loan
laine [cf. Est laine] : wave
laiska [from Bal. Cf. Est laisk, Lap laiki] : lazy
laita [from Gmc] : side, rim; direction
laiva [from PFU *laywa. Cf. Est laev, Lit laivas] :
ship
laji [from *slaji, from Gmc. Cf. Lap slaja, Swe
slag] : sort
lakana [from Gmc. Cf. Lap lahkan, Swe lakan] :
sheet (for bed)
laki [from Gmc. Cf. Lap lahka, Swe lag] : law
lakka [from PFU *lakka] : eaves
lama [from FPrm *lama. Cf. Est lame (flat), Lap
lapmi (weakness of birds)] : bad mood, depression
lammas [from *lambas, from Gmc. Cf. Est lammas, Kar lammas, Swe lamm (lamb)] : sheep
lampi [from PU *lampe. Cf. Kar lambi (lake), Hun lap (bog)] : pool
langeta [cf. Est langema, Kar langeta] : fall
lanko [from *lango, from Gmc] : brother-in-law
lanne [from *lande, from Gmc. Cf. Swe länd] : loin
lanttu [from *plantu, from Gmc. Cf. Swe planta (plant)] : kohlrabi, rutabaga
lapa [from PU *lapa. Cf. Est laba, Kar laba] : paddle
lapio [from PFU *lape. Cf. Est labidas] : shovel
lappea [from *lappeda, from PU *lappa. Cf. Hun lapos] : flat
lappu [from Gmc. Cf. Swe lapp] : rag, piece of paper
lapsi [cf. Est laps, Kar lapsi] : child
lasi [from *glasi, from Gmc. Cf. Est klaas, Lap lassa, Swe glas] : glass
laskea [from PFU *lacke. Cf. Est laskma, Kar
laskie] : let
lasta [from Gmc] : lath
lasti [from Gmc. Cf. Est last, Swe last] : load
lato [cf. Lap lahtu] : barn
lattea [from *lapteda, from PU *lapta] : flat
lattia [from *flatja, from Gmc. Cf. Lap lahtti] : floor
latu [from FPrm *ladhe. Cf. Lap lahttu] : ski
track
lauantai [from Gmc. Cf. Est laupäev, Lap lavvardat, Swe lördag] : Saturday
lauhkea [from *lavkeda < *lavke, from FV *lawca] : mild
laukata [from Gmc. Cf. Lap lavket (step)] : gallop
laukka [from Gmc. Cf. Lap lavgu (bath)] : brine
laukka [from Gmc. Cf. Est lauk, Kar laukku, Lap lavki, Swe lök] : leek, onion
laukku [from Gmc. Cf. Lap lavka] : bag
laulaa [cf. Est laulma, Kar laulua, Lap lavlut] :
sing
laupias [from *glaubias, from Gmc] : pious
lausua [cf. Est lausuma] : say
lauta [from PFU *latta. Cf. Est laud (table), Kar
laudu (board), Lap lavdi] : board
lautta [from *flautta, from Gmc. Cf. Lap lahtta,
Swe flotte] : raft
lava [from Sla. Cf. Est lava, Rus lavica (bench)]
: platform, stage; bench
lavea [from *laveda < *lave, see laaja] : wide
lääkäri [from Gmc. Cf. Swe läkare] : physician
lääke [from Gmc. Cf. Swe läka (heal)] : medicine
lääni [from Gmc. Cf. Swe län] : district
läävä [from Sla. Cf. Rus hlev] : cow-shed
lähde [see lähteä] : source
lähettää [cf. Est lähetama, Kar ljahettiä] : send
lähi [from PF *läse. Cf. Est lähedane, Kar ljahjajne, Lap lahka] : near
lähteä [from PFU *läkte. Cf. Est
lahkuma] : depart
läikkä [from *fläkä, from Gmc. Cf. Est
laik, Swe fläck] : stain, spot
läjä [cf. Lap leadji] : heap
läkähtyä [from FV *läkkä] : drown
läksy [from Gmc. Cf. Swe lektion] : lesson
lämmin [from FV *lämpe. Cf. Kar ljammin] : warm
länsi [cf. Est lääs] : west
läpi [cf. Est läbi (through)] :
hole
lehmä [from FV *lesmä. Cf. Est lehm, Kar lehmju] :
cow
lehmus [from FV *leme. Cf. Est löhmus] : linden
lehti [from FV *leste. Cf. Est leht, Kar lehti,
Lap lasta] : leaf
leikata [from PU *lekka. Cf. Est loikama, Kar lejkata, Hun lek (leak)] : cut
leikkiä [from Gmc. Cf. Swe leka] : play
leima [from Sla] : seal, stamp
leipä [from Gmc. Cf. Est leib, Kar lejbju, Lap laibi, Ger Laib (loaf)] : bread
leiri [from Gmc. Cf. Est leer, Swe läger] : camp
leninki [from *klening, from Gmc. Cf. Swe klänning] : dress
lentää [from Sla. Cf. Est lendama, Kar lendiä, Rus
letat’] : fly
lepo [from leppeä. Cf. Lap leahpu] : rest
leppä [from FV *leppä, from Bal. Cf. Est lepp, Kar leppju, Lap leaibi, Lit liepa (linden)] : alder
leppeä [from *leppedä, from PFU *leppe] : mild, quiet
leseet [from PFU *lese. Cf. Hun liszt (flour)] :
bran
leski [cf. Est lesk, Kar leski, Lap leaska] : widow
lesti [from Gmc. Cf. Swe läst] : last
letti [from Sla] : bun of hair
leuka [from Pre-Nordic. Cf. Est loug, Kar leugu] : chin
leuvonen [from leuvo, from *laiwi-, from Gmc. Cf. Swe lärka] : lark
levätä [from leppeä] : rest
leveä [from *levedä < *leve. Cf. Kar levej] : wide
levy [from PFU. Cf. Hun level (leaf; letter)] : plate
liatä [from *lika-. See likainen] : soil
lieju [cf. Kar lieju] : mud
liekki [cf. Est leek, Kar liekki] : flame
liemi [from PFU *leme. Cf. Est leem, Kar liemi, Lap liepma, Hun leves] : soup
lienee [from PFU *le. Cf. Lap leat (be), Hun lesz (become)] : maybe
lievä [from Gmc] : slight
liha [from Pre-Nordic. Cf. Est liha, Kar liha] : meat
liika [from Bal] : too big
liikkua [from PFU *likke. Cf. Est liigutama, Kar lijkuo, Lap lihkadit] : move
liima [from Gmc. Cf. Lap liibma, Swe lim] : glue
liina [from Gmc. Cf. Lap liidni, Swe linne] : linen
liiste [from Gmc. Cf. Est liist, Swe list] : lath
liitto [cf. Lap lihttu] : union
liivi [cf. Lap liiva] : vest
lika [cf. Kar liga] : dirt
lima [from *slima, from Gmc. Cf. Swe slem] : slime,
snot
linkku [from *klinkku, from Gmc. Cf. Swe klinka] :
door-handle
linko [from *slingo, from Gmc] : sling
linna [from FPrm *lidna. Cf. Est linn (city), Kar linnu, Lap ladni] : fort, castle
linssi [from Gmc] : lens
lintu [from PFU *linta. Cf. Est lind, Kar lindu, Lap loddi, Hun lud (goose)] : bird
lipakka [from *slipa-, from Gmc] : slippery
lippi [from FV *lippe] : bowl
lippu [from Bal. Cf. Est lipp, Kar kirppu, Ltv lipa] : flag
liristä [from onomat. *lir-] : gurgle
lisä [from FV *lisä. Cf. Est lisa, Lap lassi
(more)] : growth, supplement
litteä [from *lipteda < *lipte, see lattea] : flat
liuta [from Gmc. Cf. Ger Leute (people)] : crowd
lohi [from PF *losis, from Bal. Cf. Est lohe, Kar lohi, Lit lasis] : salmon
loimi [from FV *longe] : saddle cover
loma [from FV *loma. Cf. Lap loapmi] : gap
lonkka [from *flonka, from Gmc. Cf. Swe flank] : hip
loppu [cf. Est lopp, Kar loppu, Lap loahppa] : end
lorista [from onomat. *lor-] : babble
lossi [from *flossi, from Gmc] : ferry
lotja [from *flotja, from Gmc or *lodja, from Sla] : barge, sloop
loukas [see loukko. Cf. Est loks] : trap
loukko [from PU *lowkke. Cf. Kar loukko, Hun lyuk (hole)] : pit, hollow
louna [from FPrm *lowna. Cf. Est louna (south)] : noon
löyhä [from *leüsä, from Gmc. Cf. Lap leavgit (spread)] : loose
löyly [from *leülü, from PFU *lebhle. Cf. Kar ljoulju, Lap lievla, Hun lelek (soul)] : steam
löytää [from *leütä-, from PFU *lewdhä. Cf. Est leidma, Kar ljoüdiä, Hun lel] : find
luhistaa [from FV *lusa] : shatter
luhta [from *lukta, from *luksta, from Bal. Cf. Est luht, Lit lukstas] : meadow
luhti [from *lufti, from Gmc. Cf. Swe loft] : loft
lukea [from PU *luke. Cf. Est lugema, Kar luge-, Lap lohkat, Hun olvas] : read
lukkari [from *klukkari, from Gmc. Cf. Swe klockare] : sexton
lukko [from Gmc. Cf. Est lukk, Lap lohkka] : lock
lumi [from PFU *lume. Cf. Est lumi, Kar lumi] : snow
lumo [from FV *luma] : magic
lunastaa [from Gmc *luna. Cf. Est lunastama, Lap lonuhit (change)] : redeem, bail out
luoda [from PFU *longe. Cf. Est looma (create), Hun log (hang)] : throw; create
luode [from *fluode or *pluode, from Gmc or Bal. Cf. Swe flod (flood), Ltv pludi] : ebb; north-west
luokka [cf. Lap luohkka] : class
luomi [cf. Lap luopma] : eyelid
luonto [from luoda. Cf. Est loodus, Lap luondu] : nature
luopua [cf. Est loobuma, Lap luohpat (leave)] : renounce
luostari [from *kluostari, from Gmc. Cf. Est klooster, Lap kloasttar, Swe kloster] : cloister
luoti [from Gmc. Cf. Est lood, Lap luoddja, Cf. Swe lod] : lead; bullet
luoto [from *fluoto, from Gmc] : rock in sea
luottaa [cf. Lap luohttit] : trust
luova [from luoda. Cf. Lap luovvi] : creator
lupa [from Gmc. Cf. Est luba, Lap lohpi, Swe lov]
: permit
lusikka [from Sla. Cf. Est lusikas, Kar luzikku, Rus lozhka] : spoon
luu [from PU *luwe. Cf. Est luu, Kar luu, Hun lab (leg)] : bone
luumu [from *plumu, from Gmc. Cf. Est ploom, Swe plommon] : plum
luuta [from *sluuta, from Bal. Cf. Est luud, Lap luvda, Lit sluota] : broom
lyhyt [cf. Est lühike, Kar ljuhjut] : short
lyijy [from *bly-, from Gmc. Cf. Est plii, Lap ladju, Swe bly] : lead
lykätä [from PFU *likkä. Cf. Est lükkama, Kar ljukkie (throw), Hun lök (push)] : shove
lymytä [cf. Lap labmat] : hide
lyödä [from PFU *lewe. Cf. Est lööma, Kar ljuvvja, Hun lö (shoot)] : hit
lypsää [from FV *lüpsä. Cf. Est lüpsma, Kar ljupsiä] : milk
lysti [from Gmc. Cf. Lap lustu, Swe lust] :
enjoyment
M
maa [from PU *maghe. Cf. Est maa, Kar mua] : earth
maailma [from maa and ilma. Cf. Est maailm, Kar muailmu, Lap mailbmi] : world
maalata [from Gmc. Cf. Est maalima, Lap malet, Swe maala] : paint
maali [from Gmc. Cf. Swe maal] : goal
maanantai [from Gmc. Cf. Lap mannodat, Swe maandag] : Monday
maata [from *mak-. Cf. Kar muata] : lie down
madella [from mato] : creep
maha [from PF *maga, from Gmc. Cf. Est magu, Swe mage] : stomach
mahla [from PF *masla or *mälsä. Cf. Est mahl] : sap, juice
mahtaa [from PFU *masta. Cf. Lap mahttit] : be able
mahti [from Gmc. Cf. Swe makt] : might
mainita [from Gmc. Cf. Est mainita, Lap mainnasit] : mention
mairea [from *maireda < *maire] : sweet, nice
maissi [from Gmc. Cf. Est mais, Lap maisa] : maize
maistaa [cf. Est maitsma, Lap muosahit] : taste
maiti [from FPrm *maydhe] : fish-milk
maito [from maiti. Cf. Kar majdo] : milk
maja [from Bal. Cf. Est maja (house), Ltv maja] :
hut
majakka [from Sla. Cf. Rus majak] : lighthouse
majava [from FPrm *maya. Cf. Kar majaj, Lap madjit]
: beaver
makea [from *smakeda < *smake, see maku. Cf. Est mage, Kar magej] : sweet
maksa [from PU *maksa. Cf. Est maks, Kar maksu, Hun maj] : liver
maksaa [from Bal. Cf. Est maksma, Lap maksit, Ltv maksat] : cost, pay
maku [from PF *smaku, from Gmc. Cf. Lap smahkka, Swe smak] : taste
makuu [from *mak-] : lying down, rest
mallas [from PF *maltas, from Gmc. Cf. Swe malt] : malt
malli [cf. Lap malle] : model
malmi [from Gmc. Cf. Lap malbma, Swe malm] : ore
manata [from PU *müne. Cf. Hun mond (say)] : conjure, curse
manner [see mantu] : land
mantu [cf. Lap matta] : bottom
marhaminta [from *marhamuntha, from Gmc] :
marista [from onomat. *mar-] : whine
marja [from FV *marya. Cf. Est mari, Lap muorji] : berry
marras [from *martas, from FPrm *marta] : dead
masto [from Gmc. Cf. Est mast, Swe mast] : mast
masuuni [from Gmc. Cf. Swe masugn] : smelter furnace
matala [from mato. Cf. Est madal, Kar madal. For meaning change, cf. Rus zmeja (snake) and zemlja (earth), and Ltv zeme (earth) and zems (low)] : low
matka [cf. Est matk, Lap muotki] : voyage
mato [from Gmc. Cf. Est madu (snake), Kar madojne (worm), Lap mahtu (earthworm), Ger Made (maggot)] : worm
matruusi [from Gmc. Cf. Est madrus, Swe matros] : sailor
matto [from Gmc. Cf. Swe matta] : mat, rug
määrä [from Sla. Cf. Est määr, Lap mearri, Rus
mera] : measure, amount
määrätä [see määrä. Cf. Est määrama] : determine
mäkärä [cf. Lap muogir] : gnat
mäki [from PF *mäki, from PFU *mäke. Cf. Est mägi (mountain), Kar mjagi (hill)] :
hill
mälhä [from *mälsä. See mahla] : sap
mäntä [from Bal. Cf. Lap meandi] : piston
mänty [cf. Est mänd] : pine
märehtiä [from FPrm *märe. Cf. Est mäletsema,
Lap smirezit] : ruminate
märkä [from Bal. Cf. Est märg, Kar mjargju] :
moist; pus
märssy [from Gmc. Cf. Swe märs] : top, crow’s nest (on ships)
mäski [from Gmc. Cf. Swe mäsk] : mash (of grapes)
mätä [cf. Est mädanema (rot)] : rotten
mätäs [from PU *mäkte] : mossy knoll
mäti [see maiti. Cf. Lap meaddjen] : roe of fish
mättää [from Sla. Cf. Rus metat’] : throw
mäyrä [from *mäwrä, from *mäkrä. Cf. Est mäger] :
badger
mäystin [from *mäwstin] : strap (on ski boot)
me [from PFU *me, from PU *mü. Cf. Est me, Kar mjuö, Lap mii, Hun mi] : we
mehiläinen [from PFU *mekse. Cf. Est mesilane, Kar mehiljane, Hun meh] : bee
meinata [from Gmc. Cf. Swe mena] : mean, intend
meisseli [from Gmc. Cf. Swe mejsel] : chisel
meklari [from Gmc. Cf. Swe mäklare] : broker, dealer
mela [from FPrm *melä. Cf. Est mola, Kar mela, Lap mealli] : paddle
melto [from *smelto, from Gmc] : soft
mennä [from PU *mene. Cf. Est minema, Kar mennä, Lap mannat, Hun megy] : go
menota [cf. Lap meannudit] : behave
meri [from Gmc or Bal. Cf. Est meri, Lap mearra, Ger Meer] : sea
merkki [from Gmc. Cf. Est märk, Lap mearka, Swe märke] : sign
merta [from Gmc] : fish-basket
mesi [from PFU *mete. Cf. Est mesi, Kar mezi, Lap miehta, Hun mez] : honey
messinki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe mässing] : brass
messu [from Gmc. Cf. Est missa, Lap meassu, Swe mässa] : mass (rel.)
metsä [from PFU *mecä. Cf. Est mets, Kar mecchju, Lap meahcci, Hun messze (far)] : forest
metso [from PFU *mence. Cf. Est metsis] : buzzard
miekka [from Gmc. Cf. Est möök, Kar mjuäccju, Lap miehkki, Got mekeis] : sword
mieli [from FPrm *mele. Cf. Est meel, Kar mieli, Lap miella] : sense
miero [from Sla. Cf. Rus mir] : world
mies [cf. Est mees, Kar mies] : man
miettiä [from Sla] : meditate
mikä [from PU *me. Cf. Est mis, Kar mi, Lap mii, Hun mi] : what
minä [see me. Cf. Est mina, Kar minä, Hun en] : I
miniä [from PU *minyä. Cf. Est minia, Kar minnja, Hun meny] : daughter-in-law
mitä [see mikä] : what
mitata [from Gmc. Cf. Kar mitata, Lap mihtidit, Swe mäta] : measure
mitta [from Gmc. Cf. Lap mihttu, Swe maatt] : measure
mittari [from Gmc. Cf. Lap mihttar, Swe mätare] : meter
molemmat [from *molemba-. Cf. Est molemad, Kar mollej] : both
moni [from PFU *mone. Cf. Est moni-, Kar moni (many), Hun -van (in hatvan, sixty)] : some
morsian [from *mortian, from Bal. Cf. Lap moarsi, Lit marti, OPru martin] : bride
möhkäle [see muhkura] : hulk, pile
mökistä [from onomat. *mök-] : murmur
mölistä [from onomat. *möl-. Cf. Lap muoladit] : bellow
möristä [from onomat. *mör-. Cf. Est mürisema (thunder), Hun morog (growl)] : growl
möyheä [from *meüsedä < *meüse] : loose
möyriä [from *meüri-] : root up; howl
muhkura [from FV *muska] : bulb
muistaa [from PFU *muya. Cf. Est moistma (understand), Kar mustua (remember), Lap muitit, Hun mutat (show)] : remember
mukaan [from PF *muka] : along, with
muki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe mugg] : mug
mukula [from FPrm *muke. Cf. Est mugul] : bulb
mulkoilla [cf. Lap mulgut] : glare, frown
multa [from Gmc. Cf. Est muld, Lap muolda, Swe mull] : mold, soil
muna [from PU *muna. Cf. Est muna, Lap monni, Hun mogyoro (hazel)] : egg
munkki [from Gmc. Cf. Est munk, Swe munk] : monk
muokata [from Sla] : work on
muoti [from Gmc. Cf. Swe mod] : fashion
muoto [from Gmc. Cf. ON mot] : form
murea [from *mureda < *mure, see muru] : brittle
murha [from *murda, from Gmc. Cf. Est morv, Swe mord] : murder
murhe [from *murse. Cf. Est mure, Lap moras] : grief
mursu [cf. Lap morsa] : sea lion
murtaa [from muru. Cf. Est murdma, Kar murendua, Har mar (bite)] : break
muru [from PU *mura. Cf. Lap morri, Hun morzsa] : crumb
musta [from Pre-Nordic. Cf. Est must, Kar mustu] : black
muta [from FV *mudha, from Gmc. Cf. Est muda, Kar muda, Lap mohti] : mud
mutka [from PU *mucka. Cf. Lap mohkki] : bend
mutta [cf. Lap muhto] : but
muu [from PFU *mu. Cf. Est muu, Hun mas] : other
muurahainen [from Gmc or Rus. Cf. Swe myra, Rus muravej] : ant
muurain [from PU *mura. Cf. Est murakas] : blackberry
muuri [from Gmc. Cf. Lap muvra, Swe mur] : wall
muutama [cf. Lap muhtin] : a few
muuttaa [from muu. Cf. Lap muhttit] : change,
relocate
muuten [from muu. Cf. Lap mudjui] : otherwise
mylläri [from Gmc. Cf. Ger Müller] : miller
mylly [from Gmc. Cf. Lap millo, Ger Mühle] : mill
myntti [from Gmc. Cf. Est münt, Swe mynt] : coin
myöhä [from PFU *mingä. Cf. Kar mjuöhjajne, Lap mangga, Hun mögött (behind)] : late
myös [see myöhä. Cf. Hun meg (and)] : also
myötä [cf. Lap miedjis] : willing
myrkky [from PFU *mirkke. Cf. Est mürk, Lap mirkko, Hun mereg] : poison
myssy [from Gmc. Cf. Swe mössa] : cap
myydä [from PU *mighe. Cf. Est müüma, Kar mjuvvja] : sell
myyrä [cf. Kar mjugrju] : vole, mole
N
naa [from PFU *na. Cf. Hun nala (at him)] : this
naapuri [from Gmc. Cf. Est naaber, Swe nabo] :
neighbor
naatti [from Sla] : beet leaves
naava [from *nagwa, from Gmc] : beard lichen
nahka [from nahkea. Cf. Est nahk, Kar nahku, Lap
nahkki] : skin
nahkea [from *naskeda < *naske, from Gmc. Cf. Ger nass] : moist
nainen [from nai-, from PFU *naye. Cf. Est naine, Kar naine] : woman
naittaa [from nai-. Cf. Est naitma, Lap naitit] : marry off
nalja [from FV *nalya. Cf. Est nali] : joke
napa [from Gmc or Bal. Cf. Est naba, Kar njaba, Swe nav (hub)] : navel
napata [from *(s)napa-, from Gmc. Cf. Swe snappa and nappa] : catch, snap
nappi [from *knappi, from Gmc. Cf. Est nööp, Swe knapp] : button
narri [from Gmc. Cf. Swe narr] : clown
naula [from *nagla, from Gmc. Cf. Lap navli, Swe nagel] : nail (tool)
nauraa [from *nagra-. Cf. Est naerma, Kar nagrua] : laugh
nauris [from *nakris, from PFU *näkre. Cf. Est naeris, Lap navrras] : beet
nauta [from Bal or Gmc. Cf. Lit nauda, Swe nöt] : cattle
nauttia [from Gmc. Cf. Est nautima, Lap navddasit, Swe njuta] : enjoy
navetta [cf. Lap navet] : cowshed
näärästää [from FPrm *nyärä] : heartache
nähdä [from *näkdhä, from PFU *näke. Cf. Est nägema, Kar nähtä, Lap niegadit, Hun nez] : look
näivä [from Bal] : shrunken
näkö [from nähdä. Cf. Est nägu, Kar njagö] : face
nälkä [cf. Est nälg, Kar njalgju, Lap nelg-] :
hunger
nämä [see ne] : those
näpistää [cf. Est näpistama, Kar njapistellja] :
pinch
näpsä [from *näpe] : nimble
näreä [from *näredä < *näre] : gruff
näyttää [from *näwt-, from *näkyt-, see nähdä. Cf. Est näitama] : show
ne [from PU *nä. Cf. Est nemad (they), Hun ne (do not), neki
(to him)] : those
neito [from PU *neydhe. Cf. Est neitsi, Lap nieida]
: virgin
neljä [from PFU *nyeljä. Cf. Est neli, Kar nelli, Lap njeallje, Hun negy] : four
nenä [cf. Est nina, Kar nenä, Lap njunni] : nose
neula [from *nethla, from Gmc. Cf. Est noel, Kar nieglu, Lap nallu, Swe naal, Ger Nadel] : needle
neuvo [cf. Est nou, Kar nevvo] : advice
niellä [from PU *nyele. Cf. Est neelama, Lap njiellat, Hun nyel] : swallow
niemi [from Pre-Nordic. Cf. Est neem, Kar niemi] : cape
niin [cf. Est nii, Lap na, nu] : so
niini [from FPrm *nine] : bark (of linden tree)
niisi [from Ba] : heddle
niistää [from FV *nistä] : clean, wipe (the nose)
niitata [from Gmc. Cf. Swe nita] : rivet
niitto [from *sniitto, from Gmc. Cf. Kar nijttäj (mow grass)] : cutting, mowing (grass)
niitty [see niitto. Cf. Lap niitu] : meadow
nila [from PFU *nyila, from PU *nyüle] : sap
nimi [from PU *nime. Cf. Est nimi, Kar nimi, Lap namma, Hun nev] : name
niska [from PFU *ningskä. Cf. Lap niski] : nape
nitoa [from FV *nyidha] : join
noita [from PFU *noyta. Cf. Est noid] : witch
noitua [from noita. Cf. Lap noidosit] : enchant
noki [cf. Est nogi, Kar nogi] : soot
nokka [cf. Est nokk, Kar njuokku] : beak
nokkonen [cf. Est noges] : nettle
nolki [from PFU *nyolke. Cf. Kar njolgi, Lap snuolga (snot), Hun nyal (saliva)] : saliva
nolo [from FV *nole] : confused
nopea [from *nopeda < *nope. Cf. Est nobe] : fast
norea [from *noreda < *nore, from FV *norya. Cf. Lap njuoras (soft)] : lithe
noro [from PU *nyore. Cf. Hun nyar (poplar)] : stream
norsu [from mursu (walrus) and Rus nosorog (rhinoceros)] : elephant
nostattaa [cf. Lap noastit] : lift
notkea [from *notkeda < *notke, from FV *nyocka. Cf. Est notke] : supple
noutaa [from FPrm *nowta, from PU *nyongda. Cf. Est noudma (claim)] : carry
nöyhtä [from *neüstä] : dust, fluff
nöyrä [from *nedhrä, from Gmc. Cf. Swe nedre (lower)] : humble, lowly
nuija [from *nuhja < *nusja, from FPrm *nusya. Cf. Est nui] : club, mace
nukkua [cf. Lap nohkkat] : fall asleep
nummi [from Proto-Nordic. Cf. Est nomm (moor)] : meadow
nuo [from PU *no] : those
nuoli [from PU *nyele. Cf. Est nool, Lap njuolla, Hun nyil] : arrow
nuolla [from PU *nyole. Cf. Est noolima, Kar nuolla, Lap njolodit, Hun nyal] : lick
nuopea [from FP *noopeda < *noope] : languid
nuora [from *snuora, from Gmc. Cf. Est nöör, Kar nuoru, Swe snöre] : cord
nuori [from PF *noori. Cf. Est noor, Kar nuori, Lap nuorra] : young
nuoska [cf. Lap njuoska] : wet
nuotta [from Gmc. Cf. Lap nuohtti, Swe not] : seine
nuotti [from Gmc. Cf. Lap nuohtta, Swe not] : sheet music
nupi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe nubb] : hobnail
nuppi [from *knuppi, from Gmc. Cf. Est nupp, Lap nabba, Swe knopp] : button
nuppu [from nuppi] : bud
nurista [from onomat. *nur-. Cf. Est nurisema (complain)] : grumble
nurkka [cf. Est nurk, Lap nurki] :
corner
nurmi [from PFU *nyure. Cf. Est nurm, Kar nurmi] : field
nuuska [from FV *nuska. Cf. Est nuuskama (wipe nose)] : snuff
nyde [from PFU *mice] : support
nyhtää [from FV *nyüktä] : weed out
nykiä [from PU *nyike. Cf. Hun nyü (wear down)] : tear apart
nyöri [see nuora] : cord
nyrpeä [from *nürpedä < *nürpe] : gruff
nyt [from *nykt, from FPrm *nike. Cf. Est nüüd] : now
O
oas [from *okas. Cf. Est okas] : thorn
odottaa [from PU *oca. Cf. Est ootama, Kar vuottua] : wait
ohra [from *os(t)ra, from Bal. Cf. Est oder, Kar ozru, Lit astrus] : barley
ohut [cf. Est ohuke] : thin
oikea [from *voykeda, from FV *woyke. Cf. Est oige, Kar ojgej, Lap vuoigat (justice)]
: right
oinas [from Bal. Cf. Est oinas] : ram
oiva [from PU *oywa. Cf. Lap oaivi (head)] : brave
oivaltaa [from PFU *oywa] : grasp
oja [cf. Est oja (stream), Kar oja (ditch)] : ditch
oksa [from FV *oksa. Cf. Est oks, Kar oksu, Lap oaksi] : branch
oksentaa [from FPrm *oksa. Cf. Est oksendama,
Lap vuoksit] : vomit
olka [from PFU *wolka. Cf. Est olg, Kar olgu, Lap oalgi, Hun vall] : shoulder
olkapää [from olka and pää] : shoulder
olki [from FV *olke. Cf. Est olg, Kar olgi, Lap oalga] : straw
olla [from PFU *wole. Cf. Est olema, Kar olla, Hun vagy (are)] : be
olut [from Gmc or Bal. Cf. Est olu, Lap vuolla, Swe öl, Lit alus] : beer
oma [from FPrm *oma. Cf. Est oma, Kar oma, Lap oami] : own
omena [from FV *ome. Cf. Est oun] : apple
ommella [from *ompe. Cf. Est omblema, Kar ommella] : sew
on [see olla. Cf. Est on, Kar on, Hun van] : is
onkalo [from PFU *wongke] : cave, hollow
onki [from FV *ongke. Cf. Est ong, Kar ongi, Lap oaggu, vuogga] : fish-hook
onni [cf. Est onn, Lap vuodna] : luck
ontto [from PFU *ongte. Cf. Est oonsus, Kar onzi, Lap vuovda, Hun odu] : hollow
oppia [from PFU *oppe. Cf. Est oppima, Kar opastuo (teach), Lap oahppat (learn)] : learn
ora [from PFU. Cf. Hun ar (awl)] : stake
orava [from PU *ora. Cf. Est orav, Kar orau, Lap oarri] : squirrel
orhi [from PF *uri, see uros. Or from *urus, from
Gmc. Cf. Ger Auer (buffalo)] : stallion
orja [from FPrm *orya. Cf. Est ori] : slave
orpana [from FV *orpa. Cf. Lap oarben] : cousin
orpo [from PFU *orpa. Cf. Est orb, Kar orbo, Lap oarbbis, Hun arva] : orphan
orsi [from Bal] : beam
osa [from PFU *oca. Cf. Est osa, Kar oza (luck), Lap oassi (part), Hun oszt (divide)] : part
ostaa [from PFU *wosa. Cf. Est ostma, Kar ostua, Lap oastit, Swe vara (ware)] : buy
ota [cf. Est oda (spear)] : sting
otava [from PU *woca] : Great Bear
otsa [from PFU *onca. Cf. Est ots (extremity)] : forehead
otso [see otava] : bear
ottaa [from PFU *wotta. Cf. Est votma] : take
ovi [from PU *owe. Cf. Kar ovi] : door
öinen [see yö] : nocturnal
öljy [from Gmc. Cf. Est oli, Swe olja] :
oil
öristä [from onomat. *ör-, see möristä] : growl
P
paahde [from FPrm *pase] : heat, glow
paakku [see pakka] : pack
paali [from Gmc. Cf. Swe bal] : bale
paalu [from Gmc. Cf. Swe paale] : pole
paarit [from Gmc. Cf. Swe baar] : stretcher
paarma [from FV *parma. Cf. Est parm, Kar puarmu] :
gadfly
paarre [from *barde, see parras] : edge, rim
paasi [from Gmc] : slab
paasto [from Gmc. Cf. Swe fasta] : fasting
paavi [from Gmc. Cf. Lap poava, Swe paave] : pope
paeta [from *pake-. Cf. Est pogenema, Kar pajta, Lap bahtarit] : flee
paha [cf. Est paha, Kar paha, Lap baha] : bad
pahka [from PFU *paksa] : boil, ulcer
pahkaa [from PFU *packe] : head over heels
paikka [cf. Est paik, Lap baiki] : place
paimen [from Bal. Cf. Lit piemuo] : shepherd
painaa [from PU *paynya. Cf. Lap baidnin (dye)] :
press
paistaa [cf. Est paistma, Lap baitit (shine), bassit
(roast)] : shine, roast
paisua [cf. Est paisuma, Kar pajzota] : swell
paita [from Gmc. Cf. Kar pajdu, Lap baidi, Got
paida] : shirt
paja [cf. Lap badji] : smithy
paju [from PU *paye. Cf. Est paju, Kar pajju, Hun fagyal (privet)] : willow
pakaasi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe bagage] : baggage
pakahtua [from PFU *pakka] : burst
pakana [from *pagana, from Sla. Cf. Est pagan, Lap
bahkin] : heathen
pakari [from Gmc. Cf. Swe bagare] : baker
pakka [from Gmc. Cf. Lap bahkka, Swe
packe] : package, parcel
pakkanen [cf. Est pakane, Kar pakkajne, Lap bahkas
(hot)] : frost
pakolainen [from paeta. Cf. Est pagulane, Kar pagolajne] : refugee
pakottaa [cf. Lap bagget] : force
paksu [cf. Est paks] : thick
pala [from PU *pala. Cf. Est pala, Kar pala, Hun falat (bit)] : piece
palaa [from PFU *palya. Cf. Est polema, Kar paluo, Lap buollit] : burn
palava [see palaa. Cf. Est palav, Kar palav] : hot
palella [see palaa. Cf. Lap buolas (frost)] : be
cold, freeze
paljas [cf. Est paljas, Kar palljas] : naked
palje [from *balge, Gmc. Cf. Swe bälg] : bellows
paljo [from PFU *palye. Cf. Est palju] : much
palkata [see palkka. Cf. Lap balkahit] : employ
palkka [cf. Est palk, Lap balka] : wage
palkki [from *balki, from Gmc. Cf. Lap bielka, Swe balk] : plank
pallo [from *ballo, from Gmc. Cf. Est pall, Lap
ballu (testicle), Swe boll (ball)] : ball
palmu [from Gmc. Cf. Est palm, Lap balbma, Swe
palm] : palm
palttina [from Sla. Cf. Rus polotno] : fabric, cloth
palvelus [from palvoa. Cf. Lap balvelus] : service
palvoa [cf. Est paluma (pray)] : serve, adore
pankki [from Gmc. Cf. Est pank, Lap bangku, Swe bank] : bank
panna [from PFU *pane. Cf. Est panema, Kar panna] : put
panna [from Gmc. Cf. Swe banna] : ban
pannu [from Gmc. Cf. Lap banno, Swe panna] : pan
panssari [from Gmc. Cf. Swe pansar] : armor
panta [from Gmc. Cf. Swe band] : band, belt
pantti [from Gmc. Cf. Est pant, Lap panta, Swe
pant] : pawn
paperi [from Gmc. Cf. Est paber, Lap babir, Swe
papper] : paper
pappi [from Sla or Gmc. Cf. Lap bahppa, Rus pop,
Swe pop] : priest
papu [from Sla. Cf. Kar pabu, Lap bahpu, Rus bob]
: bean
parakki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe barack] : barrack
parantaa [from paras. Cf. Est paranema] : improve, heal
paras [from FPrm *para. Cf. Est paras (just), Kar
paras (beloved), Lap buorre (good)] : best
parempi [from paras. Cf. Est parem] : better
pari [from Gmc. Cf. Est paar, Kar puaru, Lap
barra, Swe par] : pair
parjata [from Bal] : abuse
parkki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe bark] : bark (of tree;
sailboat)
parma [from Gmc. Cf. Swe barm] : bosom
paroni [from Gmc. Cf. Swe baron] : baron
parras [from *bartas, from Gmc. Cf. Swe baard] : edge, rim, shore
parru [from *spar-, from Gmc. Cf. Swe sparre] : beam
parsa [from *spar-, from Gmc. Cf. Swe sparris] : asparagus
parta [from *barta or *bar(z)da, from Gmc or Bal.
Cf. Kar pardu, Ger Bart, Lit barzda] : beard
parvi [from PFU *pare] : flock, herd
paska [from PFU *pucka. Cf. Est pask, Lap baika, Hun fos] : vulg liquid excrement
pasma [from Sla. Cf. Hun paszma] : staple
pata [from PFU *pata. Cf. Kar pada, Lap bahti, Hun fazek] : pot
patja [from *badja, from Gmc. Cf. Swe
bädd (bed)] : mattress
pato [from PFU *padhe. Cf. Lap buoddju, Hun fal (wall)] : dam
patsas [cf. Lap bazzi] : column
patteri [from *batteri, from Gmc. Cf. Swe batteri] : battery
patti [cf. Lap bahtte] : spavin
paukkua [cf. Lap bavkkit] : crack, blast, boom
paula [cf. Est pael] : ribbon
pää [from PU *pänge. Cf. Est pea, Kar piä, Hun fej] : head
päällä [from PFU *pänge-l. Cf. Est peal, Kar piäl-, Hun fel] : up
päärme [from *bärme, from Gmc. Cf. Lap barbmu (bird habitat), Swe bräm] : brim
päärynä [from Gmc. Cf. Est pirn, Swe päron] : pear
pääsiäinen [from Gmc. Cf. Lap beassazat, Swe paask] : Easter
pääskynen [from PFU *päcke. Cf. Est pääsuke, Kar piäskjujne, Hun fecske] : swallow (bird)
päästä [cf. Est pääsema (escape), Lap beassat (let)]
: slip out, escape
pähkinä [from FPrm *päske. Cf. Est pähkel] : nut
päistär [from Sla. Cf. Hun pozdorja] : coarse tow
päivä [from PFU *päywä. Cf. Est päev, Kar pjajvju, Lap beaivi] : day
päkiä [cf. Est päkk] : ball (of the foot)
päre [from PFU *päre] : chip
päteä [from *pätedä < *päte] : valid
pätsi [from Sla. Cf. Rus pech’] : furnace
pehmeä [from *pesmedä < *pesme. Cf. Est pehme, Kar pehmej] : soft
pehtori [from Lat (in)spector] : inspector
peijaiset [from Gmc] : feast
peijakas [from *speijakas, from Gmc. Cf. Swe spöke (ghost)] : deuce
peikko [from Gmc] : goblin
peili [from *spejli, from Gmc. Cf. Est peegel, Lap
speadjal, Swe spegel] : mirror
peippo [cf. Lap beibbos] : finch
peitsi [from *speitsi, from Gmc. Cf. Swe spjut] : spear
peitta [from *beitta, from Gmc. Cf. Swe beta] : tan
peittä [cf. Est peitma (hide), Kar pejttiä (cover, hide), Hun fed] : cover
peilata [from Gmc. Cf. Swe pejla] : sound out (depth)
pelastaa [from Gmc] : rescue
pelätä [from PU *pele. Cf. Lap ballat, Hun fel] : fear
peli [from *speli, from Gmc. Cf. Lap speallu,
Swe spel] : play
pelkkä [from FV *pelykkä] : pure
pelko [see pelätä. Cf. Est pelg, Lap ballu] : fear
pellava [cf. Lap beallemas (flax)] : linen
pelmuta [from PFU *pelme] : make noise
pelto [from *felto, from Gmc. Cf. Est pold, Kar
peldo, Lap bealdu, Swe fält] : field
peni [from PFU *pene. Cf. Lap beatna] : dog
penkka [from Gmc. Cf. Swe bank] : bank, steep slope
penkki [from Gmc. Cf. Est pink, Lap beangka,
Swe bänk] : bench
penni [from Gmc. Cf. Swe penning] : penny
pensas [cf. Est poosas] : bush
perä [from PFU *perä. Cf. Kar perä, Hun far] : backside
perhe [cf. Est pere, Kar pereh, Lap bearas] :
family
periä [cf. Est pärima, Lap bearrat] : inherit
perjantai [from *frijantag, from Gmc. Cf. Lap bearjadat, Swe fridag] : Friday
perkele [from Bal. Cf. Est porgu (hell), Lap beargalat (devil), Lit perkunas (thunder)] : devil
permu [see paarma] : gadfly larva
persikka [from Gmc. Cf. Est persik, Swe persika] :
peach
persilja [from Gmc. Cf. Swe persilja] : parsley
perustaa [cf. Lap berustit] : establish
pesä [from PU *pesä. Cf. Est pesa, Kar pezja, Lap beassi, Hun feszek] : nest
peski [from PU *peckä. Cf. Lap beaska] : fur coat
pestata [cf. Lap bestet] : agree, assign
pestä [from FV *pesä. Cf. Est pesema, Kar pestä,
Lap bassat] : wash
petäjä [from FPrm *pecä. Cf. Kar pedaj, Lap beahci] : fir
petkel [from FV *petke] : pestle
peto [cf. Lap beahtu] : beast
petsi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe bets] : tanning liquor
pettää [cf. Est petma, Lap beahttit] : deceive
peukalo [from PU *pälkä. Cf. Est pöial, Kar pejgalo, Lap bealgi] : thumb
peura [from *pedhra. Cf. Est poder (elk)] : wild reindeer
piekana [from PU *päke. Cf. Lap biehkkan] : buzzard (Buteo lagopus)
pieksu [cf. Swe pjäxa] : boots
pieli [from PU *pälä. Cf. Kar pieli, Lap beallji (ear), Hun fel (half)] : doorpost
pielus [see pieli. Cf. Kar pielus] : cushion
pieni [cf. Est peenike, Kar pieni] : small
piestä [from PU *peksä] : beat, whip
piha [from FPrm *pica. Cf. Kar piha, Est piht (palisade)] : courtyard
pihka [from PFU *piska] : resin
pihlaja [from PFU *picla. Cf. Est pihlakas] : rowan
pihti [from FV *piste] : clamp
pihvi [from *biffi, from Gmc. Cf. Lap biffa, Swe biff] : beef-steak
pii [from PU *pinge. Cf. Kar pii, Lap batni (tooth), Hun fog] : cog
piika [from Gmc. Cf. Lap biiga, Swe piga] : maid
piikki [from Gmc. Cf. Lap biika, Swe pigg] : thorn
piilu [from Gmc. Cf. Swe bila] : halberd
piimä [from PFU *piye. Cf. Est piim (milk), Lap bipmi (sour milk), Hun fej (milk v.)] : buttermilk
piina [from Gmc. Cf. Est piin, Lap biidnu, Swe pina] : pain, suffering
piippu [from Gmc. Cf. Est piip, Lap biipu, Swe pipa] : pipe
piirakka [from Sla. Cf. Rus pirog] : pie
piiri [from PU *pire. Cf. Est piir (border), Lap birra (around)] : circle
piiska [from Gmc. Cf. Swe pisk] : whip
piispa [from Gmc. Cf. Lap bisma] : bishop
pikari [from *bigari, from Gmc. Cf. Est peeker, Swe bägare] : beaker
piki [from *biki, from Gmc. Cf. Est pigi, Swe beck] : pitch
pila [cf. Lap bilidit (break down)] : destruction
piletti [from Gmc. Cf. Swe biljett] : ticket
pilkka [cf. Est pilkama (to mock), Lap bilku] : mark; mock
pilkku [see pilkka] : mark; stain; dot
pilvi [from PFU *pilwe. Cf. Est pilv, Kar pilvi, Lap balva, Hun felhö] : cloud
pimeä [from *pimedä < *pime, from PU *pilyme. Cf. Est pime, Kar pimej] : dark
pinaatti [from Gmc. Cf. Est spinat, Swe spenat] : spinach
pingotta [from FV *pingka] : pull taut
pinta [from FPrm *pinta. Cf. Est pind] : surface
pinteli [from Gmc. Cf. Swe spindel] : spindle
pippuri [from Gmc. Cf. Est pipar, Lap bihppor, Swe peppar] : pepper
piristää [from FV *pire] : refresh
pirta [from Sla. Cf. Hun borda] : weaver’s reed
pirteä [from *pirtedä < *pirte] : lively
pirtti [from Bal. Cf. Lap barta, Swe pörte, Lit pirtis (bath)] : hut
pirtu [from Gmc. Cf. Swe sprit] : spirit, alcohol
piru [cf. Kar piru, Lap biru] : devil
pisara [from FV *pisa. Cf. Est pisar (tear)] : drop
pistää [from FV *pise. Cf. Est pistma, Lap bastil
(sharp)] : sting, stab
pitää [cf. Est pidama, Kar pidiä] : hold, keep
pitkä [from PU *pidhe. Cf. Est pikk] : long
pitsi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe spets] : lace
pivo [from PU *pinge] : palm of the hand
pohatta [from Sla. Cf. bogat] : rich man
pohja [from PFU *poska. Cf. Kar pohju] : ground, basis
pohje [from PFU *poske] : calf of leg
pohjoinen [from pohja. Cf. Est pohi, Kar pohjajne] : north
pohtaa [from FPrm *pose. Cf. Est puhas
(pure)] : winnow
poiju [from Gmc. Cf. Swe boj] : buoy
poika [from PFU *poyka. Cf. Est poeg, Kar pojgu, Hun fiu, Swe pojka] : son, boy
pokaali [from Sla. Cf. Rus bokal] : cup
polkea [see polku] : trample
polku [from PU *polke. Cf. Lap balggis] : path
polttaa [see palaa. Cf. Est polema, Kar poltua, Lap
boaldit] : burn
polvi [from PU *polwe. Cf. Est polv, Kar polvi, Lap buolva (generation)] : knee; generation
pommi [from *bombi, from Gmc. Cf. Est pomm,
Swe bomb] : bomb
pomo [from Sla] : boss
ponsi [from FPrm *ponte] : knob
pora [from *bora, from Gmc. Cf. Swe borr] : drill
porkkana [from *burkana, from Sla or Bal. Cf. Rus
borkan, Ltv burkans] : carrot
pormestari [from *borgmestari, from Gmc. Cf. Swe
borgmästare] : mayor
poro [from PU *poca. Cf. Lap boazu] : reindeer
poro [cf. Est pori (mud), Hun por (dust)] : dust
porras [from *bordas, from Gmc. Cf. Swe bord] : board
porsas [from FV *porsas. Cf. Est porsas] : pig
portti [from Gmc. Cf. Swe port] : gate
porttola [from Gmc. Cf. Swe bordell] : brothel
porvari [from *borgari, from Gmc. Cf. Swe
borgare] : citizen
poski [from PU *poske. Cf. Est posk] : cheek
posti [from Gmc. Cf. Est post, Lap boasta, Swe post] : post
potaatti [from Gmc. Cf. Lap budjeite, Swe potatis] : potato
potea [cf. Lap buohccat] : get sick
potka [from PU *pocka] : thigh
potkea [cf. Lap botket (break off)] : cast
a net
povi [from PFU *ponge. Cf. Est pou] : bosom
pökkiä [from descr. *pök-. Cf. Hun bök] : stab
pöly [cf. Kar pjolju] : dust
pöristä [from onomat. *pör-] : buzz
pörssi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe börs] : stock exchange
pöyheä [from *peüsedä < *peüse] : tumescent
pöyhiä [from *peüsi-] : shake up
pöytä [from *peütä, from *biutha, from Gmc. Cf.
Lap beavdi, Got biuds] : table
pudas [cf. Lap budjis] : backwater
puhaltaa [from PU *puse. Cf. Est puhuma, Kar
puhalduo, Lap bossu (whale)] : blow
puhdas [cf. Est puhas, Lap buhtis] : clean
puhde [from FV *pukta. Cf. Lap boktit
(wake)] : twilight
puhkaista [from FPrm *pucke. Cf. Est
puhkema (burst)] : penetrate
puhua [see puhaltaa] : speak
puikko [cf. Lap buiku] : stick, needle
pukea [from PF *pug-, from PFU *puke. Cf. Lap bahkat (squeeze in), bohkat (bore), Hun bujik (hide)] : dress
pukki [from Gmc. Cf. Lap bohkki, Swe bock] : buck
puku [from PF *pugun, see pukea] : dress
pulista [cf. Lap buljardit] : splash
pullea [from *pulleda < *pulle] : swollen
pullo [from Gmc. Cf. Swe bulle] : bottle
pulveri [from Gmc. Cf. Est pulber, Lap bulvvar, Swe pulver] : powder
pumppu [from Gmc. Cf. Est pump, Lap bumpa, Swe pump] : pump
pumpuli [from Gmc. Cf. Lap bumbol, Swe bomull] : cotton
punainen [from PFU *puna. Cf. Est punane] : red
puoli [from PFU *pula. Cf. Est pool, Kar puoli, Lap bealli] : half, side
punkka [from Gmc. Cf. Swe bunke] : vat
punoa [from PU *puna. Cf. Kar punua, Lap botnjat (twist), batnit (spin), Hun fon] : spin
punta [from Gmc. Cf. Swe pund] : pound (currency)
puola [from *spuola, from Gmc. Cf. Est pool, Lap buolla, Swe spole] : roll, spool
puola [from PU *pola. Cf. Hun bogyo (berry)] : cranberry
puoli [from FV *pula. Cf. Est pool] : half
puolustaa [from puoli. Cf. Lap bealustit] : protect
puomi [from *buomi, from Gmc. Cf. Swe bom] :
barrier
puosu [from *botsu, from Gmc. Cf. Swe baatsman] :
skipper
puoti [from Gmc. Cf. Est pood, Lap buvda, Ger Bude]
: shop
puras [from PU *pura. Cf. Est puur, Kar pora, Hun fur (bore)] : drill
purista [from onomat. *pur-] : whisper
purje [from Bal. Cf. Est puri, Lap borjjas, Lit
bure] : sail
purkaa [from FV *purka. Cf. Lap burgit (rummage)] : dismantle, undo
purkki [from Gmc. Cf. Est purk, Lap burke, Swe burk]
: tin, can
purku [from PU *purke. Cf. Lap borga] : snowstorm
purnu [from FPrm *pornye] : store
purra [from PFU *pure. Cf. Kar purra, Lap borrat (eat)] : bite
purskua [cf. Est purskuma] : boil up
pusero [cf. Lap busir] : blouse
pusertaa [from PFU *puce. Cf. Kar puzerdua, Lap bahcit (to milk), Hun facsar (wring)] : squeeze
puskea [from PFU *puske] : push, stab, gore
pussi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe paase] : pouch
pusu [from Gmc. Cf. Swe puss] : kiss
putka [from Sla] : stir, jail
putkahtaa [from FV *pucka] : bob up
putki [from PU *pucke. Cf. Lap bohcci] : pipe, tube
putsata [from Gmc. Cf. Swe putsa] : cleanse
puu [from PU *puwe. Cf. Est puu, Kar puu, Hun fa] : tree, wood
puuro [from *putro, from Bal. Cf. Est puder, Kar pudro, Lap buvru, Lit putra] : porridge
puustavi [from Gmc. Cf. Lap bustavva, Swe bokstav] : letter
pyhä [from FPrm *püsä, from *wihiz, see vihkiä. Cf.
Est püha, Kar pjuhja, Lap bassi] : holy
pyökki [from Gmc. Cf. Est pöök, Lap beaika] : beech
pyöreä [from PF *püüredä < *püüre, see pyöriä] : round
pyöriä [from PF *püüre-, from PFU *penge-rä. Cf. Est pöörama, Kar pjuörie, Hun forog, pörög] : turn
pyrkiä [cf. Lap bargat (work)] : make effort
pyssy [from Gmc. Cf. Est püss, Lap bissu, Swe bössa] : rifle
pysty [cf. Est püsti] : erect
pysyä [from FV *pise. Cf. Est püsima (persist), Kar pjuzjuö, Lap bissut] : stay, remain
pytty [from Gmc. Cf. Swe bytta] : vat
pyy [from PU *pinge. Cf. Est püü, Lap baggo, Hun fogoly (partridge)] : hazel grouse
pyykki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe byk] : laundering
pyytää [from PU *piwtä. Cf. Lap bivdit] : ask
R
raaja [cf. Lap radje] : limb
raaka [from Gmc] : raw
raaka [from Gmc] : mast
raamattu [from *gramattu, from Sla. Cf. Est raamat
(book), Lap rammat (scriptures), Rus gramota (writing)] : Bible
raati [from Gmc. Cf. Swe raad] : council
raha [from Gmc. Cf. Est raha, Swe skraa (guild)] : money
rahista [from onomat. *rah-] : creak
rahti [from *frahti, from Gmc. Cf. Lap rakta, Swe frakt] : freight
rahtu [from Gmc] : a bit
rahvas [from *rasvas. Cf. Est rahvas, Kar rahvas] : people
raide [from Gmc] : track
raikas [see rieska] : fresh
raippa [from Gmc] : rod
raito [cf. Lap raidu] : caravan
raivo [cf. Est raev] : fury
raja [from *kraja, from Sla. Cf. Est raja, Kar
raja, Lap radji, Rus kraj] :
boundary
rakas [from PFU *rakka. Cf. Lap rahkis, Hun rokon (relative, kin)] : dear
rakastaa [from rakas. Cf. Lap rahkistit] : love
rakentaa [from PFU *rakke. Cf. Lap rahkadit (make), Hun rak (heap up, put)] : build
rakkari [from Gmc. Cf. Swe rackare] : rascal
rakki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe racka] : biting dog
rakko [cf. Lap rahkku] : bag, blister
rako [from Bal] : crack
rakuuna [from Gmc. Cf. Swe dragon] : dragoon
rallattaa [from Gmc. Cf. Swe tralla] : sing
ramppi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe ramp] : stage
rana [from *krana, from Gmc. Cf. Swe kran] : crane; tap
rangaista [cf. Lap ranggastit] : punish
ranka [from Gmc] : trunk
ranska [from *franska, from Gmc. Cf. Est prants-, Swe fransk] : French
ranta [from *stranda, from Gmc. Cf. Est rand, Kar randu, Swe strand] : shore, beach
rapa [cf. Est raba (moor)] : mud
rapea [from *rapeda < *rape] : brittle
rapista [from onomat. *rap-. Cf. Lap roahpat (screech), Hun ropog (crack)] : clatter
rappu [cf. Lap rahpat] : stairs
rapu [from *krabu, from Gmc. Cf. Est krabi, Lap reabba, Swe krabba] : crab
rasia [from Gmc] : box
raskas [cf. Est raske] : heavy; pregnant
rastas [from *drastas, from Bal. Cf. Est rästas, Lit
drazdas] : thrush
rasva [cf. Est rasv, Kar razvu] : fat
rata [from *ratho, from Gmc. Cf. Est rada] : path
ratas [from Bal. Cf. Est ratas, Kar ratas, Lap
rahtis, Lit ratas] : wheel
ratista [from onomat. *rat-] : croak
ratsu [cf. Est ratsa (riding)] : horse
rauha [cf. Est rahu, Kar rauhu, Lap rafi] : peace
raukea [from *ravkeda < *ravke] : weak
raukka [see raukea and rukka. Cf. Est rauk (old man)] : poor man
raunio [from Gmc] : heap, pile, ruin
rauta [from Sla. Cf. Est raud, Kar raudu, Lap
ruovdi, Rus ruda (ore)] : iron
ravita [cf. Est ravima (treat)] : nourish
rääpale [see repale] : rag
rääpys [from Proto-Nordic. Cf. Est rääbis] : vendace (fish)
rääsy [see resu] : rag
räätäli [from *skrädäri, from Gmc. Cf. Est rät-, Swe skräddare] : tailor
räiskiä [cf. Lap riskit] : spurt
räiskyä [from onomat. *räisk-. Cf. Hun recseg] : creak
räkittää [cf. Kar rjakki (heat)] : singe
rämeä [from *rämedä, from onomat. *räm-] : hoarse
rämistä [from onomat. *räm-] : creak
ränni [from Gmc. Cf. Swe ränna] : eaves
räpäys [from PFU *reppe. Cf. Hun repül (fly)] : moment
rätistä [from onomat. *rät-] : creak
räyhätä [from *räws-] : make noise
räyskiä [from *räwsk-] : bark (as dog)
räystäs [from *räwstäs, see röytä] : eaves
rehellinen [cf. Lap rehalas] : honest
reikä [cf. Lap raigi] : hole
reipas [from Gmc *reifaz] : vigorous
reisi [from FPrm *rayti, from Bal. Cf. Est reis,
Kar rejzhi, Lap ruoida (knee-bend)] : thigh
reitti [from Gmc] : route
reivi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe rev] : reef (sail)
reki [from Bal. Cf. Est regi, Kar regi, Lap
reahka, Lit roges] : sledge
remmi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe rem] : strap, belt
rengas [from Gmc *rengaz. Cf. Est rongas, Kar rengas, Lap riekkis, Swe ring] : ring
renki [from *drengi, from Gmc. Cf. Swe dräng] : lad
repale [see repiä. Cf. Est räbal] : rag
repiä [from PFU *räppe. Cf. Est rebima, Lap rahpat (open up), Hun reped (burst)] : split, tear apart
repo [from PFU *repä. Cf. Est rebane, Kar reboj, Lap rieban, Hun ravasz (sly), Swe räv (fox)] : fox
reppu [cf. Lap rehppo] : bag
resu [cf. Lap ramsu] : rag
reti [from Gmc. Cf. Swe redd] : harbor
reuna [from Gmc *bruna. Cf. Kar reunu, Swe
bryn] : rim
riemu [cf. Est room] : joy
rieska [from *prieska, from Bal. Cf. Lit prieskas] : fresh
rihma [from *risma, from Bal. Cf. Est rihm (strap), Lit risimas] : thread
riihi [from FPrm *ringe. Cf. Est rehi] : store, shed
riippiä [from *strip-, from Gmc] : strip
riippua [cf. Est rippuma, Kar rippuo] : hang
riisi [from Gmc. Cf. Lap riisa, Swe ris] : rice
riisua [from FPrm *rice. Cf. Lap rihccut (naked)] : take off
riita [from *strida, from Gmc. Cf. Est riid, Kar rijdu, Lap riidu, Swe strid (battle)] : quarrel
rikas [from Gmc. Cf. Est rikas, Lap rikkis, Swe rik] : rich
rikki [cf. Lap rissa] : sulphur
rikko [cf. Lap rihkku] : breach
rinta [from *strinta, from Proto-Nordic. Cf. Est rind, Kar rindu, Lap raddi] : breast
ripa [from Gmc. Cf. Ger Rippe] : rib
risti [from *kristi, from Sla. Cf. Est rist, Kar ristu, Lap rista, Rus krest] : cross
risu [from Gmc. Cf. Swe ris] : dry branches
rita [from FPrm *rita. Cf. Lap rihta] : trap
ritari [from Gmc. Cf. Est rüütel, Swe riddare] : knight
rivi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe rev] : row, order
rohkea [from *roskeda < *roske. Cf. Kar rohkej, Lap roahkka (fearlessly)] : bold
rohkea [from *roskeda < *roske. Cf. Est rohke] : ample
roiskua [cf. Lap riskut] : splash
rokka [from PFU *rokka] : pea soup, bean soup
ropista [from onomat. *rop-. Cf. Hun ropog (crack)] : patter
rosvo [from Sla. Cf. Rus razboj (robbery), Rom razboi (war)] : robber
rotta [from Gmc. Cf. Est rott, Kar rottu, Swe raatta] : rat
rotu [from Sla. Cf. Rus rod] : race, species
rouhia [from *rovse, from Sla or *krovse from Bal. Cf. Rus rushit’, Lit krausyti] : crush
routa [from *grouda, from Bal. Cf. Lit gruodas] : hard ground
rouva [from *frouwa, from Gmc. Cf. Est proua, Lap rovva, Swe fru] : lady
röhistä [from onomat. *röh-] : pant; grunt
röhkiä [see röhkiä. Cf. Est röhkima, Hun röhög (roar with laughter)] : grunt
röyhkeä [from *reüskedä < *reüske] : insolent
röyhkkiö [from *reüskiö] : heap
röyhtäistä [from *reükt-] : belch
röyhy [from *reüsü] : panicle
röytä [from *reütä] : rim
ruhtinas [from *druhtinaz, from Gmc. Cf. Swe drott (ruler)] : count, prince
ruis [from *rugis, from Bal. Cf. Est rukis, Kar rujs, Lap rogas, Lit rugys] : rye
rukka [from *krukka, see ruukku] : poor man
rukki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe rock] : spinning wheel
rukoilla [cf. Lap rohkadallat] : pray
ruma [cf. Lap ropmi] : ugly
runko [from *strunko, from Gmc. Cf. Kar rungo] : trunk
runo [from Gmc. Cf. Swe runa (magic song)] : poem
ruoho [from *gruozo, from Gmc. Cf. Est rohi, Swe gras] : grass
ruoka [cf. Est roog (dish), Kar ruoga (fodder)] : food
ruokko [from Gmc] : provisions
ruoko [cf. Est roog, Kar ruogo] : reed
ruori [from Gmc. Cf. Swe ror] : steering oar
ruoste [from Gmc. Cf. Est rooste, Lap ruosta, Swe rost] : rust
ruotsi [from Sla. Cf. Est rootsi, Lap ruotsa-, Rus russkij (Russian)] : Swedish
rusakka [from Sla. Cf. Rus rusak] : grey hare
rusina [from Gmc. Cf. Swe russin] : raisin
ruskea [from *ruskeda < *ruske, from Sla. Cf. Kar ruskej (red), Lap ruskes (brown), rukses (red), Rus rusyj] : brown
rutto [cf. Lap rohttu] : plague
ruuhi [from *trugi, from Gmc. Cf. Swe traag] : trough, boat
ruukku [from *krukku, from Gmc. Cf. Swe kruka] : jug
ruumis [cf. Lap rumas] : body
ruusu [from Gmc. Cf. Est roos, Lap ruvsu, Swe ros] : rose
ruuti [from *kruti, from Gmc. Cf. Swe krut] : gunpowder
ruutu [from Gmc. Cf. Est ruut, Lap ruvtto, Swe ruta] : square
ruuvi [from *skruvi, from Gmc. Cf. Est kruvi, Lap sruva, Swe skruv] : screw
ryhmä [cf. Est rühm] : group
rymistä [from onomat. *rym-, see rämistä] : make noise
rynnätä [cf. Est ründama] : raid
ryökäle [from *reükäle, see riekale] : rag
ryömiä [from *reümi-] : creep
ryönä [from *reünä] : garbage
ryöppy [from *reüppü] : shower
ryöstää [from *reüstä-. Cf. Est rüüstama, Kar rjuöstiä] : rob
ryöväri [from *reüväri, from Gmc. Cf. Swe rövare] : robber
rypsi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe raps] : rape-seed
rysä [from Gmc. Cf. Swe ryssja] : fish-weir
ryyni [cf. Lap rievdna] : grit
S
saada [from PU *saghe. Cf. saama, Kar suvva] : get
saapas [from Sla. Cf. Est saabas, Kar suappaj, Lap
sappa, Rus sapog] : boot
saari [from pre-Nordic. Cf. Est saar, Kar suari] :
island
saarna [from PFU *sarna. Cf. Lap sardni] : sermon
saarni [from FV *sarne. Cf. Est saar] : ash tree
saattaa [from FV *saghe. Cf. Est saatma (send), Lap
sahttit (be able)] : accompany; lead; carry
saha [from *saga, from Gmc. Cf. Est saag, Lap saha, Swe saag] : saw
saippua [from Gmc. Cf. Lap saibu, Swe saapa] : soap
sairas [from Gmc. Cf. Swe saar] : sick, ill
saivar [from FPrm *siye (< ?PFU *sirke). Cf. Lap civrrus] : nit
sakea [from *sakeda, from FPrm *sake. Cf. Est sage (frequent), Kar sagej (thick)] : thick
sakki [cf. Lap sahkka] : gang, band
sakko [from *sako, from Gmc. Cf. Lap sahkku] :
fine, penalty
saksa [from Gmc. Cf. Ger Sachsen (Saxony)] : German
sakset [from Gmc. Cf. Swe sax] : scissors
sala [from PU *sala. Cf. Est sala, Lap suola (thief)] : secret
salama [from PFU *sala] : lightning
salava [from PFU *sala. Cf. Hun szil (elm)] : willow
sali [from Gmc. Cf. Lap sale, Swe sal] : hall
salkku [cf. Kar salgu, Lap salko] : bag
salko [from PFU *salke. Cf. Lap cuolggu] : pole
sallia [from Gmc] : permit, allow
salmi [from FPrm *solma. Cf. Lap coalbmi] : strait
salo [from Bal. Cf. Est salu (wood), Lap suolu (island), Lit sala] : island
salva [from Gmc. Cf. Est salv, Swe salva] : ointment
salvaa [from salko] : carve out
salvata [from salpa. Cf. Kar salvata] : lock
sama [from Gmc. Cf. Lap seamma, Swe samma] : same
samea [from *sameda < *same] : troubled, muddy
sametti [from Gmc. Cf. Est samet, Lap sameahtta, Swe sammet] : velvet
sammal [from *sambal. Cf. Est sammal, Kar sammal, Ger Simmel (mold)] : moss
sammio [from PFU *cumpe] : vat
sampi [from PFU *sampe] : sturgeon
sana [cf. Est sona, Kar sana, Lap satni] : word
sankari [from Gmc] : hero
sanoa [from sana. Cf. Kar sanuo] : say
santa [from Gmc. Cf. Swe sand] : sand
santarmi [from Gmc. Cf. Swe gendarm] : policeman
sapa [cf. Est saba] : tail
sapeli [from Gmc. Cf. Swe sabel] : sable
sappi [from PFU *säppä. Cf. Est sapp, Kar sappi, Lap sahppi, Hun epe] : gall, bile
sarana [from PFU *cara] : hinge
sarja [from FPrm *sarya. Cf. Est sari] : series, row
sarkka [from Sla] : goblet
sarvas [see sarvi. Cf. Hun szarvas (deer)] : reindeer bull
sarvi [from PFU *sorwa. Cf. Est sarv, Kar sarvi, Lap coarvi, Hun szarv] : horn
sata [from PFU *sata. Cf. Est sada, Kar sada, Lap cuohti, Hun szaz] : hundred
sattua [from FV *satta. Cf. Est sattuma (find)] : hit
satula [from Gmc. Cf. Est sadul, Kar saduli, Swe sadel] : saddle
sauma [from Gmc. Cf. Swe söm] : seam
sauna [cf. Lap savdni] : bath-house
sauva [from PFU *sawna. Cf. Lap cavgngi (beam)] : pole
savi [from PFU *sawe. Cf. Est savi, Kar savi] : clay
savu [from FV *sawe. Cf. Kar savvu, Lap suovas (smoke-fire)] : smoke
sää [from PFU *sänge. Cf. Kar siä, Hun eg (sky)] : weather
sää [from FPrm *sänge] : yarn
sääksi [from FV *säkce. Cf. Lap ciekca] : osprey
sääli [from Sla. Cf. Lap sallu, Rus zhal’] : pity
sääntää [see säätää] : arrange
sääri [from FPrm *cäye. Cf. Est säär] : leg
sääski [from FV *säske. Cf. Est sääsk, Lap cuoika] : mosquito
säästää [cf. Lap seastit] : hold, save
säätää [from sää] : arrange
sähistä [from onomat. *säs-. Cf. Hun sistereg] : hiss
säilyä [cf. Est säilima, Lap seailut] : be preserved
säkene [from FV *säke] : spark
säkiä [from FV *säkä. Cf. Est säga] : catfish
säkki [from Gmc. Cf. Swe säck] : sack
säle [from PFU *sälä. Cf. Lap cala (writing), Hun szel (carve)] : lath
sänki [from FV *sängke] : bristle
sänky [cf. Est säng, Lap seangga, Swe säng] : bed
säppi [from Sla. Cf. Rus cep (chain)] : latch
säristä [from onomat. *sär-] : creak
särkeä [from PFU *cärke] : smash
särki [from PFU *särkä. Cf. Est särg] : roach (fish)
säynäs [from PFU *säwnä. Cf. Hun ön] : bream (fish)
säyseä [from *säwsedä < *säwse] : mild
se [from PU *ce. Cf. Est see, Kar se, Lap dat, Hun ez] : it
seikka [from Gmc. Cf. Est seiklus, Swe sak] : affair
seimi [cf. Est soim] : manger
seinä [from Bal. Cf. Est sein, Kar seinju, Lap seaidni, Lit siena] : wall
seisoa [from PFU *sangca. Cf. Est seisma, Kar sejzhattuo, Lap cuozzut] : stand
seitsemän [from FPrm *sengce. Cf. Est seitse, Kar sejcchie, Lap cieza] : seven
seiväs [from Bal] : pole, stake
seka- [from PFU *seka] : mixed
sekä [cf. Lap sihke] : both
sekoittaa [from seka-. Cf. Est segama, Kar sevojttuo, Lap seaguhit] : mix
selkeä [from *selkedä < *selke. Cf. Est selge, Lap cielggas] : clear
selkä [from FV *selkä. Cf. Est selg, Kar selgju, Lap cielgi (spine), sealgi (back)] : back
sepä [cf. Lap ceabet (neck)] : front of sled